CENSUS OF VICTORIA, 1871.

GENERAL REPORT AND APPENDICES.

Population enumerated on the 2nd April 1871.

PRESENTED TO BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT BY HIS EXCELLENCY'S COMMAND.

BY AUTHORITY:

JOHN FERRES, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, MELBOURNE.

CONTENTS.

REPROT—PRELIMINARY REMARKS

REPORT—PART I.—INHABITANTS AND HOUSES

REPORT—PART II.—LAND AND LIVE STOCK

REPORT—PART III.—AGES

REPORT—PART IV.—RELIGIONS

REPORT—PART V.—EDUCATION

REPORT—PART VI.—BIRTHPLACES

REPORT—PART VII.—CONJUGAL CONDITION

REPORT—PART VIII.—SICKNESS AND INFIRMITY

REPORT—PART IX.—OCCUPATIONS

REPORT—CONCLUSION

APPENDIX A.—CENSUS ACT

APPENDIX B.—INSTRUCTIONS TO ENUMERATORS

APPENDIX C.—INSTRUCTIONS TO SUB-ENUMERATORS

APPENDIX D.—ENUMERATORS' SCHEDULES A, B, AND C

APPENDIX E.—SUB-ENUMERATOR'S BOOK

APPENDIX F.—BOUNDARIES OF CENSUS DISTRICTS

REPORT.

Census Office,

Melbourne, 30th June 1874.

SIR,

The returns of the Census of 1871, with the exception of a few of the occupation tables (Part IX.B), having been printed and laid before Parliament, I have the honor to make the following observations upon that Census and its general results :—

PRELIMINARY REMARKS.

2.

The Census of 1871 was taken, as is customary, under an Act specially passed for the purpose. A copy of this Act is reprinted as an Appendix to this Report (Appendix A). [Census Act 1871 (34 Vict. No. 369).]

3.

The householder's schedule, forming the first schedule to the Census Act, contained, as in the case of former Censuses of this colony, columns providing for enquiries respecting the name, relation to the head of the family, sex, age, rank, profession or occupation, state of health, religion, and degree of education of each member of the population, also respecting the nature of the house he inhabited ; and, in addition, it contained, for the first time, columns for the extent of land occupied and cultivated by each householder, and for the numbers of live stock and poultry in his possession. [Householder's Schedule.]

4.

Answers to these enquiries were, as on previous occasions, made compulsory, under a penalty not exceeding Twenty pounds, with the exception of the enquiry as to religion, with respect to which, both in this instance and in that of the Census of 1861, persons having a conscientious objection to respond thereto might decline to do so, notifying their scruples by inserting the word "Object" in the Religion column. [Penalty for refusing information.]

5.

For the purposes of the Census the colony was divided into sixty districts, each of which was assigned to an enumerator. Besides these, the shipping in the bays, harbors, and navigable rivers throughout the colony formed another district, the duty of securing the enumeration of which was entrusted to the Chief Harbor-master. The boundaries of the districts will be found in Appendix F. [Division of colony into districts.]

6.

The first duty of each enumerator was to divide his district into sub-districts and to appoint a sub-enumerator to each sub-district. The total number of sub-districts, and consequently of sub-enumerators, was 1,568, or an average of 26 to each district. [Division of districts into sub-districts.]

7.

Detailed instructions, both to enumerators and sub-enumerators, giving full information as to the nature of the duties required from them respectively, were issued to those officers under section 7 of the Census Act. Copies of these instructions will be found in Appendices B and C. [Instructions to enumerators and sub-enumerators.]

8.

Forms of return to be made by enumerators both before and after the Census, specimen pages of the books required to be kept and made up by the sub-enumerators, and of the directions for making entries in the same, are reprinted in Appendices D and E. [Specimen forms.]

9.

The remuneration to enumerators was regulated by the size and population of their districts, each enumerator being paid a sum previously fixed upon by the Government. These amounts ranged from £10 to £50, the average being £27 8s. The maximum rates sanctioned for payment of sub-enumerators were 15s. per diem for those acting on foot, and 30s. per diem for those acting on horseback. Nearly all those employed were paid at the full rates. The sub-enumerators numbered in all 1,568, of which 650 acted on foot, and 918 on horseback. The foot sub-enumerators received payment for 2,430½ days, amounting in all to £1,779 7s. 3d., or an average of £2 14s. 9d. to each, and the horsemen received payment for 5,569 [FORMULA] days, amounting in all to £8,037 10s. 6d., or an average of £8 15s. 1¼d. to each. [Rates of payment to enumerators and sub-enumerators.]

10.

The cost of taking the Censuses of 1857, 1861, and 1871, so far as the payments to enumerators and sub-enumerators were concerned, was as follows. In addition to the amounts named, further sums were at each Census expended on clerical labor, office fittings and furniture, stationery, printing, and other contingent charges :— [Cost of three last Censuses.]

11.

The numbers polled—in 1857, were 410,766 ; in 1861, were 540,322 ; and in 1871, were 731,528. The cost of enumeration per head of the population was thus nearly 9d. (8.9052d.) in 1857 ; less than 6¾d. (6.619d.) in 1861 ; and only about 3¾d. (3.76d.) in 1871. [Cost per head of three last Censuses.]

12.

To facilitate the enumeration of the Chinese, persons of that nation or others acquainted with the Chinese language were engaged to act as sub-enumerators in the Chinese quarters. These, if sufficiently qualified in other respects, acted by themselves, and, if not, they were accompanied by another sub-enumerator. By this means a very accurate Census of the Chinese population, with particulars in every respect as complete as those obtained respecting other classes of the community, was secured. [Enumeration of Chinese.]

13.

In the enumeration of the Aborigines every assistance was afforded by the Central Board for the Protection of the Aborigines, which sent a circular to its officers at the Aboriginal stations and to its other correspondents, requesting their co-operation with the sub-enumerators. This was zealously given, the result being that more particulars under the various heads of enquiry were elicited respecting the Aborigines than at any previous Census. [Enumeration of Aborigines.]

14.

The day appointed for taking the Census was Sunday the 2nd April. That day was chosen as being the one on which the Census of the United Kingdom was to be taken. The colonies of New South Wales and South Australia also took their Censuses on the same day. In Queensland, however, the Census was not taken until the 1st September of the same year. In Tasmania a Census had been taken on the 7th February in the previous year. In New Zealand the population was enumerated on the 27th February 1871, or about a month earlier than in Victoria. [Date of Census.]

15.

As soon as the Census was taken and the returns began to flow in, every effort was made to publish speedily a rough summary of the results for general information, and, by dint of exertion, a table showing the gross population of the colony was sent to the printer on the 16th May, and laid before Parliament a few days after, and a second return, containing eight tables, giving the number of Europeans, Chinese, and Aborigines, and the number of dwellings in all the most important divisions of the colony, and showing comparisons with former Censuses, was forwarded for publication on the 14th June following. This was a great improvement upon the time of publication of the results of the Census of 1861, at which period, although the Census was taken only five days later than that of 1871, the first rough return was not published before the 18th July, or two months later than the first, and more than one month later than the second and much more elaborate return of the present Census. [Publication of rough summary of results.]

16.

I shall now proceed to remark upon the Parts of the Census, nine in number, published under the different heads of enquiry. [Nine Parts of Census returns.]

PART I.—INHABITANTS AND HOUSES.

17.

The number of inhabitants in Victoria on the night of the 2nd April 1871 was 731,528 ; the number on the 7th April 1861, or ten years previously, was 540,322 ; the increase was therefore 191,206, or at the rate of 35.39 per cent. In 1851, or the year of separation from New South Wales and of the discovery of gold, the population amounted to 77,345. The increase since that period has therefore been, in gross numbers, 654,183, or 846 per cent. (SeeTable VI.) [Inhabitation 1851, 1861, and 1871.]

18.

The number of males on the Census night was 401,050,

19.

The number of females to 100 males was 82.40 in 1871. This was a closer approximation to uniformity in the numbers of the sexes than had obtained at any previous period since the foundation of the colony. In 1861 the females were in the proportion of 64.41 to 100 males, and in 1851 in the proportion of 67.40 to 100 males. (Sec Table V.) [Females to 100 males.]

20.

The area of Victoria is estimated at 88,198 square miles. The population enumerated in 1871 furnishes a proportion of 8.268 persons to the square mile, or about 827 persons to 100 square miles. In 1861 the population was in the proportion of 6.104 persons to the square mile, or about 610 persons to 100 square miles. In 1851 the population was less than 1 person (0.877) to the square mile, or about 88 persons to 100 square miles. (SeeTable V.) [Persons to the square mile.]

21.

The number of houses in 1871 was 158,481. Of these, 6,997 were returned as unoccupied, and 866 in the course of being built. The number of inhabited houses was thus 150,618. Of the total number of houses, 33,461 were of brick or stone, 101,635 were of wood or iron, and 21,155

22.

The increase of inhabited houses was 21,422, or 16.58 per cent., since 1861 ; but this does not represent the total improvement, as houses of brick, stone, wood, &c., have to a very large extent taken the place of tents and huts. Thus, whilst houses of brick or stone had increased from 18,990 to 33,461, or 76 per cent., and houses of wood and iron had increased from 59,346 to 101,635, or 71 per cent., tents and huts had fallen off from 52,030 to 21,155, or 59 per cent. Since 1851 the inhabited houses had increased from 10,866 to 150,618, or 1,286 per cent. (SeeTable IV.) [Increase in houses.]

23.

The size and capacity of the houses also greatly increased between 1861 and 1871, as will be seen by the following Table, which shows that, while the total number of houses of all descriptions increased during the interval by 24,149, the number of houses of one room fell off by 19,424, and the number of two rooms fell off by 1,286, and at the same time the number of houses of three and four rooms increased by 28,028 ; the number of houses of five and six rooms increased by 12,156, and the number containing over six rooms increased by 7,848. [Improved character of dwellings.]

24.

The proportion of inhabited dwellings to the square mile was 1.465 in 1861, and 1.708 in 1871, or 146½ habitations to every 100 square miles at the first, and nearly 171 at the second period. In 1851 the proportion was only 0.123 to the square mile, or about 12 dwellings to 100 square miles. (SeeTable V.) [Dwellings to the square mile.]

25.

The number of persons to an inhabited dwelling increased from 4.16 in 1861 to 4.84 in 1871, or from 42 persons to 10 dwellings at the former to 48 persons to 10 dwellings at the latter period. In 1851 as many as 7.12 persons on the average lived in each habitation, or about 71 persons in every 10 habitations. (SeeTable V.) [Persons to the dwelling.]

26.

As an indication of the improved condition of the people, so far as the manner in which they are housed is concerned, it may be remarked that as many as 20 per cent., or 1 in 5, of the European population lived in tents in the year 1861, whilst only 1 per cent. of that population lived in tents in the year 1871. Those living in huts had decreased from 6½ per cent. of the population in 1861 to 5 per cent. [Persons living in houses and in tents, &c., 1861 and 1871.]

in 1871, whilst as many as 93 per cent. of the population lived in brick, stone, or wood houses at the latter period, as against 72 per cent. at the former. In 1861 the Europeans camping out numbered 2,575, or 5 in every 1,000 of the population, and in 1871 they numbered but 1,879, or only about 2½ in every 1,000 of the population. (See Tables XVII. and XVIII.)

27.

The Chinese enumerated in 1871 numbered 17,935, as against 24,732 in 1861, thereby showing a falling off in ten years of 6,797. In 1871 all the Chinese but 36, and in 1861 all but 8, were males. [Chinese.]

28.

The sub-enumerators succeeded in falling in with 1,330 Aborigines, of whom 784 were males and 546 were females. In 1861 the Aborigines enumerated amounted to 1,694, viz., 1,046 males and 648 females. On both occasions the returns of the Central Board gave a higher number than those of the Census. According to a report dated August 1861, the Board had in their possession information respecting the existence at that time of 1,860 Aborigines, and according to their report of August 1872 the Board estimated the Aborigines in the colony to amount at that date to 1,638, of whom it was stated that the names of 1,514 were known to the Board's officers. It was, however, admitted that it was not easy to ascertain the number of those Aborigines living on the banks of the River Murray, as at one period they might be in Victoria and at another in New South Wales. As a matter of fact, several New South Wales Aborigines, whose numbers will appear under the head " Birth-places," were found to be living in Victoria on the Census night. [Aborigines.]

29.

Of the Chinese living in Victoria in 1861, 89 per cent. were dwelling in tents and huts, and only 11 per cent. in houses. Of those in 1871, 60 per cent. were dwelling in tents and huts, and 40 per cent. in houses. (SeeTable III.) [Housing of Chinese, 1861 and 1871.]

30.

The returns of 1861 do not distinguish the number of Aborigines camping out from those living in houses, huts, &c., but the returns of 1871 show 56 per cent. as the proportion camping out, and 44 per cent. as the proportion living in some description of house. (SeeTable III.) [Roving Aborigines.]

31.

At Censuses prior to that of 1871 the colony was divided into 16 counties and 5 so-called unsettled districts ; but, in anticipation of the Census of 1871, the Government determined to divide the unsettled districts also into counties. This was done shortly before the Census, the result being that 21 new counties were formed, and thus at the time the Census was taken there were in the whole colony 37 counties. (SeeTables VII. to XVIII., both inclusive, for comparisons of population of old counties and unsettled districts at former Censuses with that within the same areas according to the returns of the present Census.) [Division of colony into counties.]

32.

The most thickly peopled county in Victoria, according to the Census returns, was Bourke (the Metropolitan county), with 136½ persons and 25.8 inhabited dwellings to the square mile ; the next was Talbot, including the boroughs of Amherst, Castlemaine, Chewton, Clunes, Creswick, Craigie, Carisbrook, Daylesford, Guildford, Maryborough, and part of Malmsbury, with 51½ persons and 12.2 houses to the square mile ; the third was Grenville, in which Ballarat City and the boroughs of Sebastopol, Smythesdale, and Brown's and Searsdale are situated, with 41 persons and 8.8 dwellings to the square mile ; then Grant, containing Geelong Town, the greater portion of Ballarat East Borough, and the whole of the boroughs of Queenscliff, Steiglitz, Buninyong, Newtown and Chilwell, and South Barwon, with 40 persons and 7.8 houses to the square mile, &c. On the other hand, in one of the counties, Weeah, situated in the north-west portion of the old Wimmera district, there was neither dwelling nor inhabitant on the Census night. In Millewa, situated to the north of Weeah, there were only 109 persons, or about 1 to every 33 square miles ; in Karkarooc, situated to the east of Weeah and Millewa, there were only 349 persons, or 1 to every 17 square miles ; and in Croajingolong, situated in the extreme east of Gippsland, there were only 372 persons, or about 1 person to every 8 square miles. The sexes were most equally divided in Bourke, with 97 females to 100 males, and least so in Karkarooc, with less than 34 females to 100 males. The last-named county had also the greatest number of persons to the inhabited dwelling, viz., 7.76. The county having the smallest number of persons to the inhabited dwelling was Gladstone, a part of the old Loddon district, the average being 3.51 only. (SeeTable XXI.) [Population and dwellings in various counties.]

33.

Melbourne, both in 1861 and 1871, was the largest and most populous city in Victoria. The city proper at the former period contained 36,868 inhabitants, and at the latter 54,993 ; but taking in the suburbs, which extend for a radius of ten miles, and embrace fifteen other towns or boroughs, together with some portions of country [Melbourne and suburbs.]

not yet included in any municipal district, although much of it has been largely built upon, the total population was 139,916 in 1861, and 206,780 in 1871. Some of these suburban municipalities were at one time included within the limits of the city, others are adjacent to it, and all may be fairly considered as forming portion of the metropolis. The following table shows the population of Melbourne and suburbs and of its component parts in 1861 and 1871 :—

34.

The second town in Victoria, according to population, is Ballarat. It consists of three municipalities, viz., Ballarat City, with 24,308 ; Ballarat East Borough, with 16,397 ; and Sebastopol, with 6,496 inhabitants ; total, 47,201. The third is Sandhurst, consisting of Sandhurst City, with 21,987, and Eaglehawk Borough, with 6,590 inhabitants ; total, 28,577. The fourth is Geelong, consisting of Geelong Town, with 15,026 ; Newtown and Chilwell Borough, with 4,749 ; and South Barwon Borough, with 1,684 inhabitants ; total, 21,459. The fifth is Castlemaine, combined with Chewton, the former having 6,935, the latter having 2,387 inhabitants ; total, 9,322. The sixth is Clunes, with 6,068 ; then Stawell, with 5,166 ; then Daylesford, with 4,696 inhabitants, &c. (SeeTable XXVI., containing a summary of cities, towns, and boroughs, and Table XXX., containing the names of 458 cities, towns, boroughs, and townships, together with the number of inhabitants and of inhabited houses they respectively contain.) [Cities, towns, boroughs, &c.]

35.

In forty cities, towns, and boroughs which were in existence both in 1861 and 1871 the total number of inhabitants was 227,812 at the former period, and 327,840 at the latter ; the increase of population in ten years being thus about 100,000. But notwithstanding this increase over the whole number, in eight of these places the population had decreased between the two Census periods, viz., Castlemaine, from 9,683 to 6,935 ; Chewton, from 3,353 to 2,387 ; Creswick, from 4,714 to 3,969 ; Geelong, from 16,613 to 15,026 ; Kilmore, from 1,668 to 1,555 ; Newtown and Chilwell, from 4,901 to 4,749 ; Portland, from 2,804 to 2,372 ; and Smythesdale, from 1,794 to 1,003. (SeeTable XXII.) [Cities, towns and boroughs, 1861 and 1871.]

36.

It has been already stated that throughout the whole colony females were in the proportion of 82.4 to 100 males. In the total of cities, towns, and boroughs the sexes were in much more equal proportion, the figures being 96.48 females to 100 males. [Cities, towns, and boroughs; proportion of sexes.]

37.

In eighteen of the individual cities, towns, and boroughs, however, the females were in excess of the males—viz., St. Kilda, with 129 females to 100 males ; Newtown and Chilwell, with 117 females to 100 males ; Geelong and Portland, each with 114 females to 100 males ; Brighton and Kew, each with 112 females to 100 males ; Prahran, with 111 females to 100 males ; Hawthorn, with 110 females to 100 males ; East Collingwood, with 106½ females to 100 males ; Queenscliff and Fitzroy, each with 106 females to 100 males ; Belfast, with 105 females to 100 males ; Sale, with 104 females to 100 males ; Williamstown and Emerald Hill, each with 102½ females to 100 males ; Richmond, with 101½ females to 100 males ; and Malmsbury and Kilmore, each with 101 females to 100 males. (SeeTable XXVI.) [Females in excess of males.]

38.

The number of persons to the inhabited dwelling over the whole colony was 4.84 ; in cities, towns, and boroughs it was 4.94. The city, town, or borough having the largest number of persons to the inhabited house was Belfast, viz., 6.06 ; then St. Kilda, viz., 5.81. The smallest average was in Graytown, viz., 2.78 persons ; the next in Craigie and in Chewton, viz, 3.55 persons each to the inhabited house. The average in Melbourne City was 5.48 persons to the inhabited house. In 26 of the cities, towns, and boroughs the average was over 5 persons to the house ; in 33 it was between 4 and 5 persons to the house ; in 1 it was exactly 4 ; and in 4 it was less than 4 persons to the house. (SeeTable XXVI.) [Cities, towns, and boroughs : persons to the dwelling.]

39.

In shires and road districts the average number of females to 100 males was 71. In only one of these local divisions did the females exceed the males, viz., in the shire of Caulfield, wherein the proportion of the former to the latter was as 110 to 100. (SeeTable XXVII.) [Shires and road districts : proporiton of sexes.]

40.

The proportion of persons to an inhabited house in shires and road districts was 4.74. The highest average (9.04) was in the shire of Bulla, and the lowest (2.93) was in the shire of Korong. (SeeTable XXVII.) [Shires and road districts : persons to the dwelling.]

41.

The population on the goldfields numbered 228,181 in 1861 and 270,428 in 1871 ; the increase, therefore, amounted to 42,247 persons, or 18½ per cent. Chinese males on the goldfields decreased from 24,062 to 16,177, or by 33 per cent. ; Europeans living in tents decreased from 82,208 to 2,578, or by 97 per cent. ; and the number of tents fell from 37,169 to 2,252, or at the rate of 94 per cent. (See Table XXVIII.) [Goldfields : population, &c.]

42.

In 1861 the females on the goldfields were in the proportion of 47.51 to 100 males. In 1871 they were in the proportion of 74.17 to 100 males. [Goldfields : proportion of sexes.]

43.

The shipping in the ports and harbors throughout the colony contained 1,918 persons in 1861, and 2,252 persons in 1871. (SeeTable XXIX.) [Shipping.]

PART II.—LAND AND LIVE STOCK.

44.

It has been already stated that the Census of 1871 was the first Census of this colony at which an attempt was made to collect particulars respecting the land in occupation and cultivation and the live stock kept. Very complete returns under these heads had, however, been gathered yearly by the collectors of agricultural statistics, and these afford ample means for comparing the Census results with those of former years, whilst the agricultural returns collected in the Census year enable the same results to be supplemented with interesting particulars cognate to the enquiry, having reference chiefly to the nature of the cultivation carried on. [Land and live stock.]

LAND.

45.

The area of land in Victoria is estimated to be 56,446,720 acres. Of this extent more than two and a quarter millions (2,286,769) of acres, or about 4 per cent., had been alienated at the end of 1856. At the end of 1870—or three months before the Census was taken—the alienated land had increased to nearly seven and three-quarter millions (7,739,051) of acres, or little less than 14 per cent. of the area of the colony. (SeeTables III. and IV.) [Alienated land.]

46.

The whole of the land occupied in holdings of more than one acre in extent in 1857, including both Crown and purchased land, amounted to about thirty-three millions (33,000,165) of acres, or 58½ per cent. of the area of the colony. In 1871 the extent occupied reached close on thirty-seven millions (36,928,114) of acres, or 65½ per cent. of the area of the colony. This shows that close upon four millions of acres had been brought into occupation between these periods. At an intermediate period, however—viz., 1861—the extent of land in occupation reached as high as forty and a half millions (40,540,127) of acres, or three millions six hundred thousand more than in 1871. This would appear to indicate that the occupation of that additional extent of land had been tried experimentally and abandoned. Another possible explanation is that the numbers for 1861, being derived from returns received from the Crown Lands Office, represented all the land included within the boundaries of squatting runs, whereas the figures for 1861, having been taken from entries in the Census schedules made by the Crown tenants themselves, would probably, in some cases, not include tracts of country nominally situated within the boundaries of runs, but which, from remoteness or otherwise, were actually unused. (SeeTables III. and IV.) [Occupied land.]

47.

In 1857, 179,983 acres were placed under cultivation. That extent represents less than a third (0.318) per cent. of the area of the colony, and little more than a half (0.545) per cent. of the land in occupation. In 1871, the extent in cultivation amounted to 804,508 acres, or nearly one and a half (1.425) per cent. of the area of the colony, and over two (2.178) per cent. of the land in occupation. (SeeTables III. and IV.) [Cultivated land.]

48.

The whole area of Victoria represented, in 1857, 137.4 acres to each person in the colony. In 1871 it represented 77.2 acres to each person. The acres alienated amounted to 5.6 to the individual in 1857, and to 10.6 in 1871. The acres occupied, including Crown and purchased land, amounted to 80.3 to the individual in 1857, and to 50.5 in 1871. The extent cultivated amounted to less than half (0.438) an acre per head of the population in 1857, and to one acre and a tenth per head in 1871. (SeeTable IV.) [Extent alienated, occupied, and cultivated per head of population.]

49.

Of the land in cultivation, 44½ per cent. was cropped with wheat in 1857, and only 35 per cent. in 1871 ; 14 per cent. was cropped with oats in 1857, and 18½ per cent. in 1871 ; 1½ per cent. was cropped with cereals, exclusive of wheat and oats, in 1857, and 3 per cent. in 1871 ; 9 per cent. was cropped with potatoes in 1857, and less than 5 per cent. in 1871 ; 29 per cent. was cropped with hay in 1857, and only 20 per cent. in 1871. The balance of land under tillage over and above that cultivated with the crops named, consisting chiefly of that under vineyards, gardens, orchards, and laid down with permanent artificial grasses, amounted to only a little over 2 per cent. in 1857, and to nearly 18 per cent. in 1871. (SeeTable IV.) [Nature of crops.]

50.

With reference to the tenure under which the land was occupied, the returns of 1871 show that 55½ per cent. of the occupiers had some portion of their land in freehold, and therefore may be called freeholders ; and that 44½ per cent. rented all their land either from the Crown or from private individuals, or both ; that the average extent held by the freeholders was 6,295 acres, and by those who rented their land 2,079 acres ; that 56 per cent. of the land in occupation was held by the former class, and 44 per cent. by the latter ; that 143½ acres on the average were placed in cultivation by the freeholding, and 81½ acres by the renting class ; that 60 per cent. of all the cultivation was on land held by the freeholding, and 40 per cent. on land held by the renting class ; that the freeholding class cultivated 17 per cent., and the renting class 20 per cent. of the land in their occupation. (SeeTable V., also Table IX., for comparison of holdings occupied and cultivated under different tenures, 1863 and 1871.) [Land tenure.]

51.

A classification of the holdings as to size shows that, of the total number (38,558), nearly half (18,137) were under 50 acres in extent ; that about a third (12,730) were greater than 50 and less than 200 acres in extent ; that under a sixth (6,232) were between 200 and 1,000 acres in extent ; and that rather less than a twenty-sixth (1459) were over 1,000 acres in extent. Also, that of the whole extent of land in occupation (36,928,114 acres) half (18,409,194 acres) was in the occupation of 142 holders, of whom 91 occupied between 50,000 and 100,000 acres, or on the average 78,187 acres each, and 51 occupied upwards of 100,000 acres, viz., on the average 221,454 acres each. Further, that the greatest extent of land in cultivation (187,162 acres) was on lots between 100 and 200 acres in extent ; that nearly three-fourths of the whole cultivation was on lots under 350 acres in extent ; and that three-fifths of the whole was on lots between 50 acres and 350 acres in extent. (See Table X., also Table XIV., for comparison of holdings of various sizes in 1861 and 1871.) [Size of holdings.]

LIVE STOCK.

52.

The returns of live stock show, in regard to horses, the apparently enormous increase from 76,536 in 1861 to 209,025 in 1871 ; but it must be borne in mind that the collectors of agricultural statistics, from whose returns, added to those received direct from squatting stations, the numbers of stock for 1861 were derived, were not bound to visit holdings of less than an acre in extent, and had very imperfect means of estimating the horses kept in towns and in the possession of carters and travelers upon the roads, whereas every house and every camping party was directed to be visited by the Census sub-enumerators. It is probable, therefore, that the number was much under-estimated at the former period. The cattle, according to the returns, increased from 722,332 in 1861 to 776,727 in 1871 ; and the sheep from 5,780,896 to 10,477,976. As the collectors had much better opportunity of recording [Increase of live stock.]

the true returns of cattle and sheep than they had of horses, it is probable that the numbers of those stock returned in 1861 were correct, or very nearly so, and that the increase noted, large as it is in regard to sheep, really took place. Of pigs, owing to the difficulty in estimating the number of those kept on smaller holdings than the collectors were called upon to visit, the returns made by them have never been very reliable. It is therefore likely that a larger number than that given for 1861 existed at that period, and consequently that the increase shown, viz., from 61,259 to 180,109 in 1871, has not really occurred. (SeeTable XVI.)

53.

In 1871 there were, roughly speaking, sixteen head of stock to each person in the colony, viz., about one horse and one pig to every four persons, and one head of cattle and fourteen sheep to each individual. (SeeTable XVII.) [Number of stock to each person in the colony.]

54.

At the same period there were 2[FORMULA] horses, nearly 9 head of cattle, 119 sheep, and 2 pigs, or 132 head of stock of all descriptions, to the square mile. (SeeTable XVIII.) [Number of stock to the square mile.]

55.

In addition to the descriptions of stock already named, the sub-enumerators took account of 122,164 goats, including 77 Angora goats and 3 Cashmere goats, 56 asses, 164 mules, 266 deer, and 59 alpacas. (SeeTable XV.) [Miscellaneous stock.]

56.

The number of holders of live stock returned was 78,231 ; the number of owners of poultry was 81,347. (SeeTables XV. and XIX.) [Holders of live stock and poultry.]

57.

The poultry numbered nearly two million, of all descriptions, viz., 83,025 geese, 137,355 ducks, 1,636,782 fowls, 69,756 turkeys, 9.70 pea-fowls, 3,542 Guinea fowls, 199 pheasants, and 16 ostriches. (SeeTable XIX.) [Poultry.]

PART III.—AGES.

58.

The ages of 399,359 males and 329,867 females, or in all of 729,226 persons were recorded in the Census schedules. These numbers furnish proportions relatively to the whole population enumerated of 99.58 per cent. as regards the males, 99.82 per cent. as regards the females, and 99.69 per cent. as regards the persons of both sexes. [Numbers of whom age was recorded.]

59.

The ages of persons below the age of 15 years were tabulated for each year of age, as also were those of persons over 80. The numbers between 20 and 21 were also ascertained. The remainder were grouped according to their ages in quinquennial periods. [Tabulation in quinquennial periods.]

60.

In order, however, to arrive at an approximation to the actual numbers living at each year of age, estimates have been formed of the unspecified, and a calculation has been made of the probable numbers at the years between each of the quinquennial periods. The result of these computations is given in Table I. [Estimated numbers at each year of age.]

61.

In comparing the population of 1871 with that enumerated ten years previously, one of the most noticeable features is the reduction in the numbers of the male population at certain ages. This will be readily observed by the following Table :— [Falling off of adult males.]

62.

It thus appears that, whilst the total male population at specified ages increased by upwards of 75,000, the males between 20 and 35 years of age decreased by nearly 49,000. This by many has been supposed to indicate a wholesale exodus of the adult male population, and it becomes necessary to enquire how far the assumption is a correct one. [Decrease of males between 20 and 35.]

63.

The following Table shows the number of males of such ages at the Census of 1861, that they would, if they had lived and remained in the colony, have been [Ages of males between 10 and 25 1861, brought on, to 1871.]

found within the periods at which a diminution of numbers was discovered at the Census of 1871 :—

64.

It is thus seen that, after deducting deaths, the remainder who might have been expected to have been in the colony between the ages named in 1871 amounts to 61,964 only, as against 85,555 actually returned, showing that, so far from a large emigration between those ages having taken place, the excess of arrivals over departures at the same ages during the ten years cannot have amounted to less than 23,591, and that the diminution in 1871 upon the numbers returned between 20 and 35 years of age in 1861 is solely due to there not having been a sufficient number at the younger ages to supply their places, and this although the numbers were supplemented between the two Census periods by a large immigration. [Increase of adult males by immigration.]

65.

Following up the same principle, however, of bringing on the ages from 1861 to 1871, it is found that the arrivals did exceed the departures at later periods of life, as will be observed by the next table :— [Ages of males of 25 and upwards, 1861, brought on to 1871.]

66.

By this it appears that a loss during the ten years of males who in 1861 were 25 years of age and upwards has occurred to the number of 29,377, deducting from which the excess of those who in 1861 were between 10 and 25 years of age (23,591), the remainder is 5,786, which represents the net decrease of adult male population by excess of emigration over immigration during the ten years intervening between the two Censuses. [Decrease of adult males by emigration.]

67.

The only period of life at which the female population showed a decrease in 1871 as compared with 1861 was between the ages of 25 and 30, at which the numbers were 26,707 in 1861, and 25,313 in 1871, the falling off thus amounting to 1,394. [Decrease of females between 25 and 30.]

68.

Notwithstanding the diminished numbers at the adult period of life, as compared with those in 1861, Victoria has still more inhabitants at the supporting period, viz., from 15 to 65 years of age, and fewer at the dependent period, viz., under 15 and over 65 years of age, than either New South Wales or South Australia. The only one of the principal Australian colonies in which this state of things is reversed is Queensland, a colony which has been indebted to immigration for a larger proportion of its inhabitants than any other of the colonies, and in which, consequently, the supporting classes are relatively more numerous and the dependent classes less so than in either Victoria, New South Wales, or South Australia. This will be seen by the [Physical strength of population of various Australian colonies.]

following table, which shows in each of the colonies named the numbers in every 10,000 living at the supporting and dependent ages. All the figures are those of 1871 :—

69.

In England and Wales it has been considered that the population under 10 years of age and over 70 are sustained by the exertions of those between 20 and 60, whilst persons between the ages of 10 and 20 and between 60 and 70, as a rule, support themselves, but are not enabled to contribute to the sustenance of others. By a calculation based upon this supposition, it was found that, in England and Wales, when the Census of 1861 was taken, the persons at the supporting period of life were charged with the sustenance of a class amounting to 59 per cent. of their own numbers. When the Census of Victoria was taken in 1854 the aged and the young amounted to only 32 per cent. of those at the middle period of life. In 1857 the former had increased to 38 per cent. of the latter ; in 1861, to 50 per cent. ; and in 1871 to no less than 66 per cent. ; thus showing that the sustaining class in this colony is now weighted with a proportionally larger number of dependents than the same class in England. [Physical strength of populations of Victoria and England and Wales.]

70.

If the persons under 20 and over 60 are considered as the dependent classes, the proportions in Victoria are found to be almost identical with those in England and Wales, as will be seen by the following figures :— [Young, middle-aged, and old, in England and Wales and Victoria.]

71.

The ages of males and females in Victoria and England and Wales are compared in the following table, by which it is seen that the males between 20 and 40, or at what is technically called the soldier's age, are as 310 in every 1,000 of all ages in the former to 291 in every 1,000 in the latter ; and that the females from infancy to 40 years of age, or at and below the fruitful or child-bearing period, are as 848 per 1,000 in Victoria to 748 per 1,000 in England and Wales :— [Ages of males and females in Great Britain and VIctoria.]

72.

The mean age of the population was as follows :—males 25.22 years, females 21.30 years, both sexes 23.44 years ; males were therefore, on the average, 3 years and 11 months older than females. The mean age of both males and females was less in 1857 than in 1854, and less in 1861 than in 1857. The mean age of males was also less in 1871 than in 1861 ; but the mean age of females was higher by nearly 10 months in 1871 than it was in 1861. (SeeTable V.) [Mean age, 1861 and 1871.]

73.

The numbers of males and females were about equal up to the age of 15 ; from 15 to 20, between 20 and 21, and between 21 and 25, there was a slight excess of females ; but at all subsequent periods of life the males considerably exceeded the females. (SeeTable X.) [Proportion of males and females at various ages.]

74.

The exact ages of 17,383 Chinese, out of a total number of 17,935, were ascertained at the Census. Of the former, 17,347 were males, of whom 16,372, or over nine-tenths, were between 21 and 55 years of age. Of the remainder, 188 were under 21, and 787 were between 55 and 70 ; no Chinese being returned older than the latter age. The ages of all the Chinese females, 36 in number, were returned. Of these, 26 were between 14 and 45 years of age, and 10 were below 14 years of age. (SeeTables VIII., IX., and X.) [Ages of Chinese.]

75.

The ages of all the Aborigines, except 78, viz., 46 males and 32 females, were returned. Of the males, 18 per cent., and of the females, 25 per cent., were under 14 years of age. Of the male population, exclusive of Chinese and Aborigines, 39 per cent., and of the female population, 44 per cent., were under 14 years of age. Seven of the Aborigines, viz., 4 males and 3 females, were returned as being between 70 and 75 years of age, and 1 male was returned as being between 75 and 80 years of age. (SeeTables VIII., IX., and X.) [Ages of Aborigines.]

PART IV.—RELIGIONS.

76.

The nature of the religious belief professed by 716,003 persons out of a total of 731,528 was expressed in the Census schedules. Of the remainder, 9,965 persons recorded their objection to state their religion from conscientious scruples, and in 5,560 instances there was no entry whatever in the " Religion " column. [Number of cases in which religion was recorded.]

77.

Excluding the non-Christian sects, those of no denomination, no religion, and the unspecified, the remainder of the population may be divided into Protestants and Roman Catholics. The former, in 1871, bore the same proportion to the total population that they did in 1861, viz., between 70 and 71 per cent. ; but the latter increased from 20[FORMULA] per cent. of the population in 1861 to 23[FORMULA] per cent. in 1871. (SeeTable III.) [Protestants and Roman Catholics : proportion to the population.]

78.

The Protestants increased between 1861 and 1871 at about the same rate as the whole population, viz., between 35 and 36 per cent. ; the Roman Catholics increased much faster than the whole population, viz., at the rate of 55[FORMULA] per cent. (SeeTable I.) [Protestants and Roman Catholics : Increase since 1861.]

79.

The only one of the principal Protestant sects whose adherents increased at a faster rate than the Roman Catholics was the Wesleyan, in which the increase was at the rate of 102.58 per cent. Members of the Church of England increased at the rate of 21.58 per cent. only, Presbyterians at the rate of 29.74 per cent., and Protestants, exclusive of members of the Church of England, Presbyterians, and Wesleyans, at the rate of 49.59 per cent. (SeeTable I.) [Principal Protestant sects : increase since 1861.]

80.

Of the numerically speaking less important of the Protestant sects, Baptists increased at the rate of 81 per cent., or faster than the Roman Catholics, and not so fast as the Wesleyans. Independents increased at the rate of 42 per cent., and Lutherans at the rate of 5 per cent. Unitarians fell off from 1,430 to 1,016, or at the rate of 29 per cent. (SeeTable II.) [Minor Protestant sects : increase since 1861.]

81.

Of other sects, Jews increased from 2,903 to 3,571, or at the rate of 23 per cent. Pagans, chiefly Chinese, fell off from 26,223 to 17,650, or at the rate of 33 per cent. (SeeTable II.) [" Other Sects :" increase since 1861.]

82.

Persons classified as of " No Denomination " increased from 952 to 2,737, or at the rate of 188 per cent. ; those classified as of " No.Religion " increased from 441 to 2,150, or at the rate of 388 per cent. (SeeTable II.) [" No Denomination " and " No Religion :" Increase since 1861.]

83.

Full particulars of the manner in which the persons originally returned themselves who were afterwards classified under different groups of religions, or as of no denomination, or no religion, will be found in Table VII. [Details of groups of religions.]

84.

In nearly all the denominations, males were more numerous than females, the exceptions being the Baptists, in which the numbers of the sexes were equal ; the New Connection Methodists, in which the males numbered 95, and the females 134 ; the Bible Christians, in which the males numbered 2,092, and the females 2,102 ; the " Other Wesleyan Methodists," in which the males numbered 35, and the females 45 ; the Christians, or Church of Christ, in which the males numbered 1,715, and the females 1,825 ; the Plymouth Brethren, in which the males numbered 90, and the females 103 ; and the " Catholics," not otherwise described, in which the males numbered 1,545, and the females 1,607. (SeeTable IV. and V.) [Proportion of sexes of different religions.]

85.

Of the Chinese colonists, 285, or an average of 1 in 63, professed some form of Christianity. Of this number, 123 were returned as members of the Church of [Religions of Chinese.]

England, 28 as Presbyterians, 32 as Wesleyans, 1 as an Independent, and 101 as Roman Catholics. (SeeTable VI.)

86.

Of the Aborigines, 311, or nearly a fourth, were returned as Christians, viz., 122 as members of the Church of England, 111 as Presbyterians, 41 as Wesleyan Methodists, 28 as Moravians, and 9 as Roman Catholics. (SeeTable VI.) [Religions of Aborigines.]

PART V.—EDUCATION.

87.

The returns of education take account, as on former occasions, of the rudimentary arts of reading and writing, but of no higher acquirements. The required information was obtained respecting 725,871 persons, or over 99 per cent. of the population. It is therefore to that number that the following remarks refer. [Number of cases in which education was recorded.]

88.

Of every 1,000 of the population from infancy upwards, excluding the Chinese and Aborigines, 639 in 1861 and 672 in 1871 could read and write ; 112 in 1861 and 100 in 1871 could read only ; 249 in 1861 and 229 in 1871 were uneducated. (SeeTable I.) [Numbers per 1,000 able to read and write, read only, and unable to read.]

89.

Of every 1,000 from infancy to the age of twenty-one years, 355 could read and write in 1861, and 491 in 1871 ; 146 could read only and not write in 1861, and 123 in 1871 ; 499 could neither read nor write in 1861, and 386 in 1871. (SeeTable I.) [Education of persons under 21 years of age.]

90.

Of every 1,000 over twenty-one years of age, 853 could read and write in 1861, and 871 in 1871 ; 86 could read only in 1861, and 74 in 1871 ; 62 could not read in 1861, and 55 in 1871. (SeeTable I.) [Education of persons over 21 years of age.]

91.

Of every 1000 over five years of age, the numbers in 1861 who could read and write were 779, and the numbers in 1871 were 804 ; the numbers in 1861 who could read only were 128, and the numbers in 1871 were 113 ; the numbers in 1861 who could not read were 93, and the numbers in 1871 were 83. (SeeTable II.) [Education of persons over 5 years of age.]

92.

Reviewing the state of education at the so-called school age—viz., between five and fifteen years—the advancement during the past ten years is much more apparent than it is in regard to the whole population or to any section of it which includes either the old or the very young, as will be seen by the following figures :—In 1861 no more than 779 children at the school age in every 1,000 living could read, only 486 could write, and as many as 221 were entirely uninstructed. In 1871 no fewer than 846 children at the same age could read, as many as 640 could write, and only 154 were uninstructed. (SeeTable XVI.) [Education of persons between 5 and 15 years of age.]

93.

The degree of education possessed by children between five and fifteen years of age, of different denominations, was ascertained both in 1861 and 1871, and a considerable amount of progress during the interval is discoverable in regard to all the religious bodies. An examination of the results shows that, of Protestant children at this age, only 803 in 1,000 could read and 503 in 1,000 could write at the former period, whilst no less than 865 in 1,000 could read and 666 in 1,000 could write at the latter ; also that, of Roman Catholic children at the same age, only 692 in 1,000 could read and 412 in 1,000 could write at the former period, whilst as many as 791 in 1,000 could read and 564 in 1,000 could write at the latter ; and that, of Jewish children, whilst as many as 829 in 1,000 could read and 630 in 1,000 could write at the former period, no less than 898 in 1,000 could read and 781 in 1,000 could write at the latter period. [Education of children between 5 and 15 of Protestants, Roman Catholics, and Jews.]

94.

Of the various Protestant sects, the most successful, according to the returns for 1871, in regard to their efforts to impart rudimentary instruction to their children, are the Independents, of whom the numbers in every 1,000 between five and fifteen years of age who could read were 908, and the numbers who could write were 749 ; then the Baptists, with 900 children at the school age in 1,000 who could read, and 731 who could write ; then " Other Protestants"—including Calvinistic Methodists, members of the Society of Friends, members of the sect calling themselves " Christians," Plymouth Brethren, Swedenborgians, persons returned as Unsectarian Protestants, and members of a number of minor sects—of whom 899 in every 1,000 at the school age could read, and 750 could write ; then Unitarians, of whose children at the school age 898 in 1,000 could read, and 726 could write ; then Wesleyans, of whose children at the school age 897 in 1,000 could, read and 689 could write ; then Presbyterians, of whose children at the school age 870 in 1,000 could read, and 666 could write ; then members of the Church of England, of whose children at the school age 845 in 1,000 [Education of children of members of Protestants sects.]

Could read, and 644 could write ; then Lutherans, chiefly Germans or their descendants, of whose children at the school age 788 in 1,000 could read, and 654 could write. (SeeTable XVI.)

95.

Of the residue of the population, including those adhering to other sects than those named, those objecting to state their religion and those returned as of No Denomination, or No. Religion, 820 of the children in 1,000 at the school ages could read, and 561 in 1,000 could write. (SeeTable XVI.) [Education of children of residue of population.]

96.

In order to make the returns of the different denominations more strictly comparable, the degree of education possessed by children of each denomination between 10 and 15 years of age was also ascertained from the returns of 1871. From the results it appears that, of Protestant children at that age, 975 in 1,000 could read, and 911 could write, whilst only 25 could not read ; of Roman Catholic children, 947 in 1,000 could read, and 849 could write, whilst 53 could not read ; of Jewish children, 991 in 1,000 could read, and 969 could write, whilst 9 were uneducated ; and, of the residue, 925 of the children between 10 and 15 in 1,000 could read, and 852 could write, whilst 75 were uninstructed. (SeeTable XVII.) [Education of children of different denominations between 10 and 15 years of age.]

97.

In the following table the education returns of children at the school age in Victoria are compared with those of the other principal Australian colonies. All the returns are for the year 1871. [Education of children in different Australian colonies.]

98.

It will be observed that, as regards the numbers of their children possessed of rudimentary instruction, the Victorians are far in advance of the other colonies ; that South Australia comes nearest to Victoria, although still considerably in arrear ; and that, as regards the proportion of children unable to read, New South Wales is behind all the other colonies. [Victoria in advance of the other colonies in regard to children's education.]

99.

The Census under notice is the first at which any attempt was made to ascertain what proportion of the Chinese and Aborigines could read and write. The enquiry in regard to the Chinese applied to their knowledge of reading and writing in English only, and did not extend to their attainments in their own language. From the returns it appears that, of the Chinese of 5 years old and upwards, 210 in all, or 1 in 85, could read, and 175, or 1 in 102 ; could write ; and that, of Chinese children between 5 and 15 years of age, 4 out of 17 could read, and 2 out of that number could write. Of the Aborigines over 5 years of age, 159 in all, or about an eighth, could read, and 114, or about an eleventh, could write. Of Aboriginal children at the school age, 70 out of 179, or about two-fifths, could read, and 50, or about two-sevenths, could write. (SeeTables III. and IV.) [Education of Chinese and Aborigines.]

PART VI.—BIRTHPLACES.

100.

In classifying the returns under this head of the Census, it was found that the place of birth was stated in regard to all the inhabitants of the colony except 2,514, and that, of the unspecified, 1,721, viz., 1,148 males and 573 females, had British names, and 51, viz., 28 males and 23 females, had Foreign names, whilst in the remaining 742 instances the names were not mentioned. [Number of cases in which birthplace was recorded.]

101.

Adding therefore the numbers with British names to the numbers returned as born in British Possessions, amounting to 365,180 males and 324,535 females, or 689,715 in all, to the British subjects born in Foreign countries, amounting to 1,819 males and 642 females, or 2,461 in all, and to the British subjects born at sea, amounting to 1,081 males and 954 females, or 2,035 in all, and comparing the sum, viz., 369,228 males and 326,704 females, or 695,932 in all, with the total population, it is found that 92 per cent. of the males, 99 per cent. of the females, and 95 per cent. of the persons of both sexes, were British subjects. (SeeTables IV. and V.) [British and Foreign subjects.]

102.

British subjects, taken as a whole, increased 43 per cent. during the ten years prior to the Census ; Foreign subjects decreased 25 per cent. during the same period. (SeeTable II.) [Increase of British subjects : decrease of Foreigners.]

103.

The Australian born in 1861 numbered 157,911. The increase between that period and 1871 was 200,355, or at the rate of 127 per cent. All other nationalities decreased in the same interval except the Irish and Welsh, the former of whom increased by 13,308, or at the rate of 15 per cent., and the latter by 559, or at the rate of 9 per cent. The English decreased by 5,299, or at the rate of 3 per cent. ; the Scotch by 4,491, or at the rate of 7 per cent. ; persons born in " Other British Possessions" by 478, or at the rate of 11 per cent. ; the French by 80, or at the rate of 6 per cent. ; the Germans by 1,154, or at the rate of 11 per cent. ; the natives of " Other European Countries" by 732, or at the rate of 10frac12 ; per cent. ; persons born in the United States by 131, or at the rate of 5 per cent. ; those born in China by 6,875, or at the rate of 28 per cent. ; and natives of " Other Countries" by 91, or at the rate of 22 per cent. (SeeTables II. and III.) [Increase or decrease of various nationalities.]

104.

Males of all birthplaces were more numerous than females of their own birthplace, with the exception of the Irish and the natives of Australian colonies other than Victoria. The Irish females exceeded the Irish males by 2,072, the numbers being, males 49,198, females 51,270 ; and the Australian (not Victorian) females exceeded the males by 53, the numbers being, males 14,308, females 14,361. [Females of certain countries in excess of males.]

105.

As regards British subjects, the following were the proportions of males and females in every 100 of both sexes:—Males 53, females 47. As regards Foreign subjects, the proportions in every 100 were :—Males 90, females 10. The following were the proportions of the sexes in every 100 persons living of different birthplaces:—Australian, males 50, females 50 ; English, males 60, females 40 ; Welsh, males 63, females 37 ; Scotch, males 56, females 44 ; Irish, males 49, females 51 ; natives of other British Possessions, males 68, females 32 ; French, males 73, females 27 ; Germans, males 74, females 26 ; natives of other European countries, males 91 females 9 ; natives of the United States of America, males 73, females 27 ; and natives of other Foreign countries (not China), males 68, females 32 ; natives of China had 17,826 males, and 31 females, or 1 female to every 575 males. (SeeTable VI.) [Proportion of sexes of each nationality.]

106.

The Chinese were not all born in China. The returns show that 24, viz., 12 males and 12 females, were born in this colony. Seventy-two of them also, all males, were born in the British colony of Hong Kong, and were therefore British subjects by birth. On the other hand, 18 persons, viz., 11 males and 7 females, were returned as having been born in China, although not of the Chinese race. (See Table IX., also foot-note to Table VII.) [Birthplaces of Chinese.]

107.

All the Aborigines were not natives of Victoria, 23 of them, viz., 17 males and 6 females, were returned as having been born in New South Wales ; 3, viz., 2 males and 1 female, as having been born in South Australia ; 10, viz., 8 males and 2 females, as having been born in Queensland ; and 1, a male, as having been born in Western Australia. (SeeTable IX.) [Birthplaces of Aborigines.]

108.

The number of persons of the respective birthplaces grouped under comprehensive headings in the general tables is given in Table VII., whereby it appears that persons born in more than 100 different countries and colonies are to be found amongst the component parts of the Victorian population. [Details of groups of birthplaces.]

PART VII.—CONJUGAL CONDITION.

109.

The Census schedules gave particulars respecting the conjugal condition of the entire population with the exception of 1,540 males and 307 females. In making comparisons with the returns of former Censuses it has been found necessary to add these unspecified to the unmarried, in order to carry out the system which was first adopted in connection with the earlier Censuses of this colony. In tables relating exclusively to the Census of 1871, a separate column has been appropriated to the unspecified, which is the more correct principle. [Number of cases in which return of conjugal condition was recorded.]

110.

Reviewing the population of all ages and both sexes in 1871, and eliminating therefrom the Chinese and Aborigines, 312 in every 1,000 living were married, and 688 were single or widowed ; taking the males, 290 in every 1,000 were married, and 710 were single or widowed ; taking the females, 337 in every 1,000 were married, and 663 were single or widowed. At the Census of 1861, the proportion of married males approximated very closely to that in 1871, but 65 more females [Married and single or widowed.]

in every 1,000 at all ages were living in the married state at the former period than at the latter. (SeeTable I.)

111.

Taking into consideration males of 20 and upwards, and females of 15 and upwards, and omitting as before the Chinese and Aborigines, it is found that, in 1861, there were in the colony as many as 161 males to every 100 females ; but that, in 1871, this high proportion of males had become reduced to one of 114 to every 100 females ; also that, in 1861, there were, at these ages, 329 bachelors to every 100 spinsters, and in 1871 only 153 ; that, in 1861, the bachelors exceeded the spinsters in all the counties and unsettled districts, but that, in 1871, the spinsters exceeded the bachelors by 2,087 in Bourke, the proportion to every 100 of the former being 91 of the latter ; in Grant by 211, the proportion to every 100 being 96 ; and in Normanby by 38, the proportion to every 100 being 95 ; that in all the counties and unsettled districts, except the ones named, the bachelors at these ages in 1871 exceeded the spinsters, the proportion in Rodney being as high as 409 of the former to 100 of the latter ; in Anglesey, as high as 393 to every 100 ; and in Gippsland, as high as 365 to every 100. (SeeTable V.) [Bachelors and spinsters.]

112.

In 1861, husbands of all ages exceeded wives of all ages by 4,947, the proportion being 106 husbands to 100 wives. In 1871 the number of husbands and wives was nearly equal, the wives, however, being very slightly in excess. In 1861, husbands exceeded wives in all the counties and unsettled districts except Anglesey, Bourke, Grant, Grenville, and Normanby ; and in 1871, husbands exceeded wives in all the counties and districts except Bourke, Dundas, Grant, Grenville, and Normanby. (SeeTable VI.) [Husbands and wives.]

113.

Although the number of husbands and wives in Victoria were nearly equal in 1871, it does not follow that every husband had a wife and every wife had a husband. As a matter of fact, out of 111,182 husbands and 111,315 wives, only 99,868 husbands and wives were living together on the Census night ; thus 11,314 wives were absent from their husbands and 11,447 husbands were absent from their wives. (See Table VII.) [Number of husbands and wives together and apart.]

114.

In 1861, 852 in every 1,000 married men in the colony were living with and 148 away from their wives ; in 1871, 898 married men in every 1,000 were with and 102 away from their wives. In 1861, 895 in every 1,000 married women were with and 105 apart from their husbands ; in 1871, 897 married women in every 1,000 were living with and 103 apart from their husbands. (SeeTable VII.) [Proportion of husbands and wives together and apart, 1861 and 1871.]

115.

Three boys under the age of 15 were returned in 1861 as husbands, 7 girls at the same period of life as wives, and 1 girl as a widow. In 1871 no boys under 15 years of age were returned as husbands or widowers and no girls as widows, but 3 girls between 14 and 15 were returned as wives. [Conjugal condition under 15.]

116.

Between 15 and 20 years of age, 69 youths in 1861 were returned as husbands and 5 as widowers. In 1871, 63 youths at the same period of life were returned as husbands and 4 as widowers. In 1861, 2,077 females between 15 and 20 were returned as wives and 25 as widows. In 1871 the wives between 15 and 20 numbered 1,810 and the widows 17. [Conjugal condition 15 to 20.]

117.

In 1861 it was considered a remarkable fact that widowers were more numerous than widows, the actual excess of the former being 211. In 1871 the reverse took place, widows being largely in excess of widowers. The number of widows in 1871 was 13,683, that of widowers only 9,818. The excees of widows was therefore 3,865. [Widowers and widows.]

118.

In obtaining returns of the conjugal condition of the Chinese males, instructions were given to the sub-enumerators to consider all as unmarried except those who had, at the time of the Census, or had had at some previous period, wives in Australia. Following out this principle, 17,733 males of 14 years old and upwards, or 99 per cent. of the whole living at that age, were set down as single, 142 as husbands, and 7 as widowers. Married Chinese were, therefore, in the proportion to the whole of one in 126, and married and widowed together, of 1 in 120. Of the 26 female Chinese over 14 years of age, 16, or 62 per cent., were wives. The remaining 10 were spinsters, there being no widow. (SeeTable VIII. and IX.) [Conjugal condition of Chinese.]

119.

Of the male Aborigines of 14 years old and upwards, 45 per cent. were returned as bachelors, 43 per cent. as husbands, and 12 per cent. as widowers. Of the female Aborigines at the same age, 15 per cent. were set down as spinsters, 73 per cent. as wives, and 12 per cent. as widows. (SeeTables VIII. and IX.) [Conjugal condition of Aborigines.]

PART VIII.—SICKNESS AND INFIRMITY.

120.

The number of persons in Victoria returned as suffering from some description of infirmity on the 2nd April 1871 was 13,065, viz., 7,984 males and 5,081 females. These figures furnish a proportion of 179 infirm persons in every 10,000 of the whole population, of 199 infirm males in every 10,000 males, and of 154 infirm females in every 10,000 females. (SeeTable II.) [Number of cases of infirmity recorded.]

121.

The persons returned as sick in 1871 were in the proportion of 118, and those returned as laid up by accidents in the proportion of 18, to every 10,000 of the population. The two classes together, representing those entirely disabled for the time, but not as a rule permanently affected, were thus in the proportion of 136 to every 10,000 living, or 1 in 73. The same classes numbered 151 per 10,000 as regards the males, or 1 in 66, and 118 per 10,000 as regards the females, or 1 in 85. [Sick, and suffering from accidents.]

122.

The other classes representing those having as a rule some permanent defect or injury, but not always entirely disabled from some description of labor—viz., the deaf-mutes, the blind, the insane, the idiotic, the epileptic, and the crippled or deformed—were, taken together, in the ratio of 42, 48, and 36 to every 10,000 persons, males and females, respectively. These proportions, stated in other words, are 1 in 236 as regards the total population, 1 in 209 as regards the males, 1 in 279 as regards the females. [Numbers permanently affected.]

123.

The only Australian colonies besides Victoria which appear to have published tables of sickness and infirmity based upon their Census returns are South Australia and Queensland. In South Australia persons suffering from sickness, including, it is presumed, accidents, are stated to have been in the proportion of 1 in 85 of the total population ; those suffering from other infirmities in the proportion of 1 in 230. In Queensland the former of these classes was returned as in the proportion of 1 in 220 ; as regards the latter class, the Queensland returns are admitted to be incomplete. Indeed, the small proportion of sickness, as compared with that obtaining in Victoria and South Australia, raises a suspicion as to the correctness of the former also. [Comparison with South Australia and Queensland.]

124.

The deaf-mutes numbered 202, or 1 in every 3,621 of the population. In England and Wales, according to the Census of 1871, deaf and dumb persons are in the proportion of 1 in 1,972. In South Australia the proportion, according to the Census returns, was 1 in 3,502, or slightly higher than that of Victoria. [Deaf and dumb.]

125.

Blind persons numbered 502, or 1 in every 1,457 of the population ; a few of them were stated to be only partially blind. In England and Wales there was, in 1871, 1 blind person in every 1,052. The South Australian returns give 1 blind person in every 1,751. [Blind.]

126.

Lunatics numbered 1,868, and idiots 108, or, taken together, the two classes numbered 1,976. This gives a proportion of 1 in 370 of the population. According to the report on the last Census, the lunatics and imbeciles in England and Wales were, in 1871, in the proportion of 1 in 331. In South Australia, according to the Census returns, lunatics and idiots were in the proportion of 1 in 499 of the population. [Lunatics and Idiots.]

127.

Deformed or crippled persons numbered 205, or 1 in 3,568 of the population. Amongst these, 7 were returned as having lost a leg, 3 as having lost an arm, and 1 as having been born without hands. In South Australia persons returned as " crippled or maimed" were in the proportion to the population of 1 in 1,138. From this high ratio it is probable that some persons were returned under this head who, according to the Victorian system, would have been set down as suffering from accidents. [Deformed and crippled.]

128.

The number of persons subject to epilepsy was returned for the first time in Victoria on the occasion of the Census under review. These amounted to 221, or 1 in every 3,310 of the population. [Epileptic persons.]

129.

The ages of the sick and infirm are given in quinquennial periods, in Tables III. and IV. It will be observed that the rates of infirmity increase at each successive period, as compared with the preceding one, from that between five years of age and ten to the most advanced periods of life. [Ages of sick and infirm.]

130.

One hundred and seventy-five Chinese were returned as suffering from infirmity. Of these, 106 were set down as sick, 11 as suffering from accidents, 1 as a deaf-mute, 10 as blind, 45 as lunatics, 1 as an epileptic subject, and 1 as crippled or deformed. According to these figures, the ratio of Chinese suffering from each [Sick and inferm Chinese.]

description of infirmity, except lunacy, was less than that of the whole population. In lunacy the proportion was about the same, viz., 25 per 10,000. Nine of the sick Chinese were stated to be lepers. No Chinese female was returned as suffering from any ailment. (SeeTables VII. and VIII.)

131.

Of the Aborigines, some infirmity was noted respecting 28 males and 7 females, or 35 in all. Of this number, 28 were set down as sick, 1 as a deaf-mute, 5 as blind, and 1 as a lunatic. (SeeTables VII. and VIII.) [Sick and infirm Aborigines.]

132.

The occupations of the sick and infirm are fully detailed in Table IX. It will be observed that 4,401 out of a total of 13,065, or more than a third, are included in Order XV., which embraces persons supported by the rest of the community. [Occupations of sick and infirm.]

PART IX.—OCCUPATIONS.

133.

The occupations of 398,341 males and 328,726 females, or in all of 727,067 persons, out of a total population of 731,528, were recorded on the Census schedules. The unspecified males amounted to 2,709, and the unspecified females to 1,752. [Number of cases in which occupation was recorded.]

134.

The occupations have been classified in considerably more detail than at any former Census. On previous occasions the employments were arranged under 63 heads only, but the returns of the present Census have been grouped under as many as 398 heads, which have again been subdivided, so that no less than 1,600 distinct occupations or callings are shown in all. A complete index to these occupations, with reference to the line in the tables at which the details are to be found, is given at the commencement of this Part. [Number of groups of occupations.] [Index of occupations.]

135.

Another improvement which has been effected upon the mode of classification adopted in former Census tabulations is the arrangement of the numbers of each occupation in groups of males and females under and over 20 years of age. On no previous occasion has an attempt been made, in connection with the occupation tables, to give any division of the population as to ages. [Classification of occupations of males and females under and over 20.]

136.

In the tables of occupations, males find a place under 378 of the original heads out of 398, or under all except 20. Females are to be found under 207 of the headings only, or little more than half (See Tables XXVI. and XXVII.) [Number of groups of males and females.]

137.

Males over 20 numbered 219,465. This number is distributed amongst all the headings in which males are found except two, viz., " Errand boys," Order 6, Sub-order 5, and " Inmates of Reformatories," Order 15, Sub-order 2. With the exception of 348 males over 20, returned as "sons, relatives, or visitors ;" 72 returned as " students or scholars ;" 762 returned as " gentlemen," " of independent means," &c ; 5,089 returned as " supported by the community," including inmates of charitable institutions, paupers, prisoners, &c. ; and the unspecified, who were probably for the most part unemployed, numbering 2,436 ; the balance, 210,758, or about twenty-four-twenty-fifths of the whole, were returned under the head of some business pursuit or calling. (SeeTable XXVI.) [Males over 20 engaged in business occupations.]

138.

The number of females over 20 was 148,999. These are distributed throughout 193 of the 207 headings under which females are found. Making deductions from these in the same manner as has been done in regard to the males, viz., wives and widows of no specified occupation, numbering 103,370 ; daughters, relatives or visitors, numbering 10,808 ; scholars, numbering 52 ; those returned as " ladies," " of independent means," &c., numbering 340 ; those supported by the community, numbering 1,902 ; and the unspecified, numbering 1,350 ; the residue, representing those following some trade or business, amounts to 31,177, or about 20 per cent. of the whole. (SeeTable XXVII.) [Females over 20 engaged in business occupations.]

139.

Males under 20 find a place under 305 of the headings. The total number of males at this age was 181,585. Deducting from this number those returned as sons, relatives or visitors, numbering 72,560 ; those returned as students or scholars, numbering 72,257 ; those returned as of independent means, numbering 10 ; those returned as supported by the community, numbering 2,363 ; and the unspecified, numbering 273 ; there remains a total of 34,122, or about 19 per cent. of the whole, who were earning, or attempting to earn, their livelihood in the pursuit of some recognized trade or occupation. (See Table XXVI.) [Males under 20 engaged in business occupations.]

140.

The number of females under 20 amounted to 181,479. Females at this age are found under 117 of the headings. Deducting wives and widows of no specified occupation, numbering 1,747 ; daughters, relatives or visitors, numbering 89,085 ; scholars, numbering 70,303 ; those returned as of independent means, [Females under 20 engaged in business occupations.]

Numbering 4 ; those supported by the community, numbering 1,814 ; and the unspecified, numbering 402 ; the remainder is 18,124, or almost exactly 10 per cent. of the total representing those engaged in some description of business occupation. (SeeTable XXVII.)

141.

All the persons classified under different trades and occupations were not in employment at the time of the Census. As many as 6,402 of the males, and 657 of the females, were noted in the schedules as unemployed. The total number of males, including both those under and those over 20, following or prepared to follow business callings, was 244,880 ; and the total number of females under the same condition was 49,301. The unemployed thus were in the proportion of 1 male to every 38 of these males, 1 female to every 75 of these females. (SeeTables XXX. and XXXI.) [Number of unemployed males and females.]

142.

The highest numbers of unemployed amongst the males were—general laborers, 1,126 ; miners, 924 ; farmers, agricultural laborers, &c., 518 ; carpenters, 206 ; commercial clerks and travelers, 203 ; seamen, ships' officers, &c., 196 ; and those of whom no occupation was specified, 547. (SeeTable XXX.) [Ordinary occupations of unemployed males.]

143.

Amongst the unemployed females were 384 domestic servants ; 59 schoolmistresses and governesses ; 55 milliners and dressmakers ; and 49 of whom no occupation was stated. (SeeTable XXXI.) [Ordinary occupations of unemployed females.]

144.

Chinese males are found under 117 of the headings. As many as 13,374 out of 17,899, or about 75 per cent., were engaged in gold mining. In other pursuits the highest numbers are—farmers, market-gardeners, agricultural laborers, &c., 1,446 ; shopkeepers, 542 ; hawkers and peddlers, 274 ; gamblers, lottery-ticket sellers, &c., 244 ; opium dealers, 146 ; prisoners, 123 ; butchers, 114. (SeeTable XXXII.) [Occupations of Chinese males.]

145.

The 36 Chinese females were returned as follow :—Seventeen as wives or widows, and 7 as daughters engaged in domestic duties, 3 as scholars ; 7 as domestic servants ; 1 as an inn servant ; and 1 as an opium dealer. (SeeTable XXXIII.) [Occupations of Chinese females.]

146.

Three hundred and fifteen male Aborigines out of a total of 784, and 367 female Aborigines out of a total of 546, were returned as following some occupation. The males are distributed over 29 of the headings, and the females over 13. Of the males, 38 were engaged in connection with agricultural, and 75 in connection with pastoral pursuits ; of the females, 225 were set down as wives and widows, and 76 as daughters or relatives engaged in domestic duties ; 47 of the boys and 35 of the girls were returned as scholars. (SeeTable XXXIV.) [Occupations of Aborigines.]

147.

The past occupations of 20,120 gold miners, out of a total of 52,411, were noted on the schedules. The pursuits in which highest numbers occurare—farmers, farm laborers, &c., 6,011 ; sailors and others connected with the sea, 3,845 ; general laborers, 1,135 ; carpenters, 795 ; shopkeepers, 487 ; commercial clerks or salesmen, 412 ; butchers, 401 ; blacksmiths, 392. Only 353 were set down as having been previously connected with any description of mining. (See Table XXXV.) [Past occupations of gold miners.]

148.

An account was taken, where possible, of the ordinary or former occupations of inmates of charitable institutions and of gaols. Of the former class, amounting to 5,869, the occupations of 2,850 were recorded ; and of the latter class, numbering 1,844, the occupations of 1,657 were noted. The callings most largely represented amongst inmates of charitable institutions were—general laborers, 641 ; gold miners, 443 ; domestic and other servants, 215 ; farmers, farm laborers, &c., 134 ; sailors, &c., 121. Amongst prisoners the most frequent occupations were—general laborers, 420 ; servants, 222 ; sailors, &c., 105 ; carpenters, 55 ; farmers, farm laborers, &c., 50 ; gold miners, 50. (SeeTable XXXVI.) [Ordinary occupations of inmates of charitable Institutions and gaols.]

149.

It was considered a matter of interest to record the occupations of persons against whose names the possession of a University degree was noted in the schedules. The total number of these, excluding medical men with no other than their professional degrees entered, was 173. The following numbers were supplied by the different Universities :—Dublin, 45 ; Melbourne, 31 ; Cambridge, 27 ; Aberdeen, 16 ; Oxford, 13 ; Glasgow, 8 ; Paris, 5 ; Queen's College, Ireland, 4 ; Edinburgh, 3 ; London University and St. Andrew's, each, 2 ; Berlin " Deaf and Dumb College," Kiel, Maryland, Ontario, and Sydney, each, 1 ; " Conferred by Royal Letters Patent," 1 ; University not stated, 10. Amongst the University Graduates are to be found 1 Governor (His Excellency Viscount Canterbury) ; 10 Government officers and 4 judges ; 53 clergymen ; 13 barristers ; 11 medical men ; 44 schoolmasters, teachers, and professors ; also various other callings, including 1 farm servant, a B.A. Oxford, and 1 grocer, a B.A., Cambridge. (See Table XXXVII.) [Occupations of University graduates.]

150.

It was a direction to the sub-enumerators to obtain, where possible, from employers of labor a statement of the number of hands they respectively employed. This enquiry was not by any means universally responded to, but the result, for what it is worth, has been tabulated. It appears that the total number of employers who furnished returns was 5,945, and the hands employed by them amounted in all to 23,622 ; the average number of hands to each employer was thus 3.97 ; the largest number of employers (3,683) in any one branch of industry was under the head " Agriculture," and the next largest (401) was under the head " Mining ;" the largest numbers of hands employed (8,178 and 3,637 respectively) were under the same heads. The business employing, on the average, the largest number of hands to each employer (14.46) was that of " Workers and Dealers in Animal Matters," chiefly consisting of soapboilers, tallowmelters, tanners, fellmongers, &c. The business employing, on the average, the next largest number (11.91) was that of " Workers in Stone, Clay," &c., chiefly road and railway contractors, brickmakers, quarry owners, &c. (SeeTables XXXVIII., XXXIX., and XL.) [Employers and hands employed.]

151.

The first nine tables of this Part of the Census are devoted to comparisons of the returns of the Census under review with those of former Censuses, the arrangement of occupations under the different groups being altered so as to harmonise with the system of classification adopted in connection with those Censuses respectively. [Comparison of occupations, 1861 and 1871.]

152.

Perhaps the most favorable mode of grouping, for noting the changes that have taken place in the occupations of the people from Census to Census, is that under twenty-seven heads, shown in Tables II., IV., and VII. According to this, males under all the groups increased in numbers between 1861 and 1871, except domestic servants, who fell from 4,899 to 2,336 ; gold miners, who fell from 81,747 to 52,447 ; those engaged in pursuits subsidiary to gold mining, who fell from 1,226 to 665 ; those engaged in pastoral pursuits, who fell from 9,080 to 6,883 ; and those engaged in miscellaneous pursuits, who fell from 977 to 355. The following groups of males exhibited the largest increases :—Those ministering to entertaining and clothing, who rose from 7,253 to 12,505 ; artisans and mechanics, who rose from 33,089 to 40,807 ; those engaged in agriculture, who rose from 34,738 to 50,789 ; those engaged in land carriage, who rose from 9,708 to 12,136 ; laborers, who rose from 10,221 to 18,220 ; children, relatives, &c., who rose from 52,580 to 72,908 ; scholars, who rose from 31,132 to 72,329 ; and " Public Burden," the number under which head rose from 3,511 to 6,791. (SeeTable IV.) [Occupations of males, 1861 and 1871.]

153.

The females under the following groups of occupations diminished in numbers between 1861 and 1871 :—Traders, from 1,448 to 1,302 ; those assisting in the exchange of money and commodities, from 337 to 229 ; gold miners, from 143 to 14 ; those engaged in pastoral pursuits, from 644 to 154 ; those engaged in agriculture, from 6,480 to 3,499 ; those engaged in pursuits subsidiary to grazing and agriculture, from 13 to 6 ; those dealing in food, from 1,276 to 1,036 ; laborers, from 23 to 16 ; and those engaged in miscellaneous pursuits, from 79 to 36. The following groups of [Illegible] showed large increases :—Those ministering to education, from 1,684 to [Illegible] ministering to entertaining and clothing, from 5,494 to 14,371 ; domestic servants, from 18,796 to 22,705 ; wives, widows, children, and relatives, from 140,871 to 205,010 ; scholars, from 29,924 to 70,355 ; and " Public Burden," from 1,048 to 3,513 (SeeTable IV.) [Occupations of females, 1861 and 1871.]

CONCLUSION.

By the Census Act the Registrar-General was made legally responsible for the conduct of the Census, and, consequently, subject to instructions from him, its immediate control, both as regards the collection and the compilation, naturally devolved on myself as the officer at the head of the then Statistic Branch

period. I would especially make mention of Mr. H. W. Mathewson, to whom I entrusted the immediate supervision of the extra staff, consisting of between 40 and 50 persons, engaged in the compliation of the returns, and who was of the greatest assistance to me at every stage of the operations. Mr. D.C. Rees, who acted as draughtsman in laying out the Census districts, afterwards as accountant, and latterly as principal computer of averages, percentages, &c., also rendered good service ; as also did other officers, attached not only to the permanent, but also to the temporary staff. The well-earned reputation of the late Registrar-General, Mr. W. H. Archer, who has since been called to fill a more important office under the Government of this colony, renders it needless for me to state that I always received from him the most able assistance and support in carrying out the important and arduous service with which I was charged.

I have the honor to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient servant,

HENRY HEYLYN HAYTER,

Government Statist.

The Honorable the Chief Secretary.

NOTE.—The bulk of this Report was originally written during 1873. It is much to be regretted that, owing to the pressure of work on the Government Printing Office, and exhaustion of the funds available for printing the Census Returns, its publication has not taken place at an earlier date.

APPENDICES.APPENDIX A.

No. CCCLXIX. An Act for taking an Account of the Population and of the Live Stock in the year One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one. [15th July 1870.]

BE it enacted by the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly of Victoria in this present Parliament assembled and by the authority of the same as follows :—

1.

This Act shall be called and may be cited as the "Census Act 1871." [Title of Act.]

2.

For the purposes of this Act the word " dwelling" shall mean any house building booth tent hut or other erection in or under which any person usually sleeps, and every ship or other vessel in any port or harbor of Victoria ; and the words " occupier or person in charge" shall include every master or keeper of every gaol prison hospital lunatic asylum benevolent asylum and of every public or charitable institution, and all such masters and keepers shall make returns of all the particulars so far as may be practicable with respect to the inmates thereof. And every pastoral licensee of the Crown proprietor occupier or superintendent of station may in like manner perform the duty of occupier for each and all of the out stations, and furnish in a separate form for each separate dwelling to the sub-enumerator in whose sub-district such out stations lie all such particulars as would be required of the occupiers themselves had forms been left at their dwellings. [Interpretation.]

3.

An account shall be taken in manner hereinafter directed of the number of persons and the number of each kind of live stock within Victoria, on the night of such day in the year One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one as the Governor in Council may appoint by proclamation in theGovernment Gazette, and such account shall contain the several particulars specified in the form of return in the First Schedule to this Act. [Census to be taken in 1871.]

4.

For the taking of such account the Governor in Council may appoint and remove enumerators and define the districts for which they shall respectively act, and determine the number of sub-enumerators to be appointed by such enumerators respectively. [Appointment of enumerators.]

5.

Every enumerator shall, subject to the approval of the Governor in Council, appoint sub-enumerators for his district and assign sub-districts to such such sub-enumerators, and subject to such approval as aforesaid may remove any such sub-enumerator and appoint another in his place. [Appointment of sub-enumerators.]

6.

Every enumerator shall make and subscribe a declaration in the form of the Second Schedule hereto before some justice of the peace (which declaration such justice is hereby authorized and required to take), and shall retain the same until delivered or transmitted as hereinafter directed ; and every sub-enumerator shall make and subscribe before the enumerator by whom he shall have been appointed the like declaration, which declaration such enumerator is hereby authorized and required to take and to keep until delivered or transmitted as hereinafter directed. [Enumerators and sub-enumerators to make declaration.Second Schedule.]

7.

The Chief Secretary shall order and supervise the taking of the said account, and shall cause to be prepared and printed for the use of the persons to be employed in taking the same such forms and instructions as be shall deem necessary ; and the Registrar-General shall issue all forms and instructions to the persons for whose use they shall be intended. And all the expenses which shall be incurred under this Act shall be paid out of such money as shall be provided by Parliament for that purpose. [Forms and instructions to be issued.]

8.

Every sub-enumerator shall within ten days ending on the day immediately preceding that fixed for taking the census as aforesaid leave at every dwelling within his sub-district one of the forms prepared as aforesaid, or where such dwelling is let in different stories or apartments and occupied distinctly by different persons or families or is the principal dwelling upon any run upon which there are persons resident at out-stations a separate form for the occupier or person in charge of each such distinct story or apartment or for each such out-station. And every occupier or person in charge of every such dwelling or of every such distinct story or apartment or principal dwelling, with or for whom such from shall have been left as aforesaid, shall fill up and supply in such form to the best of his or her knowledge and belief all the particulars specified therein, and shall sign his or her name thereunto, and shall deliver or cause to be delivered the form so filled up to the sub-enumerator authorized to receive the same. [Forms of First Schedule to be delivered at every dwelling and filled up and signed.]

9.

Every sub-enumerator shall on the day next following that fixed for taking the census as aforesaid or as soon thereafter as practicable demand and receive the said form at every dwelling as aforesaid within his sub-district, and shall satisfy himself by enquiries of the occupier or person in charge of the dwelling or of persons in or near such dwelling that such form is fully truly and correctly filled up, or if not so in any particular shall himself according to the best information which he shall be able to obtain make the same complete and correct, and in such case shall then and there countersign the said form with his own name. [Sub-enumerators personally to receive the forms and see to their correctness.]

10.

Every sub-enumerator shall within seven days after all the forms within his sub-district shall have been completed and received by him deliver them to the enumerator of his district together with a declaration in me form of the Third Schedule hereto made and subscribed by himself before the enumerator who is hereby authorized to take the same. And any enumerator may in the case of any defect or deficiency in any form so delivered require the sub-enumerator delivering the same to make further enquiries and to correct such defect or supply such deficiency at his own cost. [Sub-enumerators to deliver all forms, &c., to enumerator, Third Schedule.]

11.

Every enumerator shall with in fourteen days after receipt from his sub-enumerators of all such forms make out there from returns containing such particulars as may be required of him by the Registrar-General, and shall sign and transmit the same to the Registrar-General together with all the said forms and the declarations aforesaid as received from the several sub-enumerators, and together also with a declaration in the form of the Fourth Schedule to this Act made and subscribed by himself before some justice of the peace who is hereby authorized and required to receive the same. [Enumerators to make out returns.] [Fourth Schedule.]

12.

The Registrar-General on receipt of such collective returns and other papers shall examine the same and cause any defect or inaccuracy therein to be supplied or corrected as far as may be possible, and shall with all convenient speed prepare and transmit to the Chief Secretary abstracts made there from, and such abstracts shall be printed and laid before both Houses of Parliament. [Completion of census by Registrar-General.]

13.

All letters and packets on the subject of this Act transmitted by post within Victoria to or from the Registrar-General or any enumerator or sub-enumerator if marked on the outside with the word " Census " shall be delivered free of postage until such day in the year One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one as the Governor in Council may appoint. [Letters free of postage.]

14.

If any occupier of person in charge of any dwelling or principal dwelling refuse or willfully neglect to fill up to the best of his knowledge information or belief the form or forms so left at such dwelling, or to sign and deliver the same, or refuse or willfully neglect to answer or untruly answer any enquiry made by a sub-enumerator, or willfully make sign or deliver or cause to be made signed or delivered any false return or statement of any particular in such form or forms, or obstruct any person in the performance of any duty under this Act, the person so offending shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding Twenty pounds ; Provided always that such penalty shall not be enforced against any person who from conscientious scruples shall omit to state the religious denomination or sect to which he may belong and the proof of such conscientious scruple shall be the filling up of the column set apart for that purpose with the word " object" : And provided always that such penalty shall not be enforced for any false return or statement regarding the number of his live stock against any person who not being aware of the precise number of such stock shall give in respect thereof an estimate or reasonable approximation to the truth. [Penalty for non-compliance with Act.]

15.

If any sub-enumerator fail to return to the enumerator of his district all the forms received by him, or willfully sign or deliver any untrue form or alter any form except as aforesaid, or otherwise willfully violate any provision of this Act, he shall for every such offence be liable to a penalty not exceeding Fifty pounds. [Penalty for willful default of sub-enumerator.]

16.

If any enumerator or sub-enumerator make and subscribe a false declaration under this Act before any justice or enumerator he shall be deemed guilty of perjury. [False declaration to be perjury.]

17.

If any person accept the office of enumerator or sub-enumerator under this Act and afterwards without lawful excuse refuse or willfully neglect to perform any duty of such office, the person so offending shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding One hundred pounds. [Penalty for falling to act after accepting office.]

18.

If any officer enumerator or sub-enumerator or clerk divulge the contents of any form except as required by this Act he shall for every such offence be liable to a penalty not exceeding Twenty pounds. [Penalty for divulging except required by Act.]

19.

All penalties under this Act may be recovered summarily before any two justices. [Recovery of penalties.]

20.

The Governor in Council may from time to time make and alter regulations for the execution of all matters and things arising under this Act and consistent therewith and not herein expressly provided for, and for the more fully carrying out the objects and purposes of this Act ; and such regulations when published in theGovernment Gazetteshall have the full force of law. [Regulations if necessary.]

SCHEDULES.

FIRST SCHEDULE.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS.

This Schedule is to be filled up by theOCCUPIER OR PERSON IN CHARGE OF THE DWELLING.—If let or sudlet to different persons of families, in separate stories or apartments, each such story or apartment must be treated as a separateDWELLING,andTHE OCCUPIER OR PERSON IN CHARGE OF EACHmust make a separate Return upon a separate from. In the case ofPASTORAL ESTABLISHMENTSthe Squatter or Superintendent may fill in the Return for hisENTIRE ESTABLISHMENT,but a separate Schedule must in such case be filled forEACH OF THE OUT-STATIONS OR HUTS in which a distinct family or person resides, in addition to that for the Home Station ; and if any out-station is in a separate Sub-enumerator's District from that of the Home Station, the Schedule for it should be delivered to the Sub-enumerator of the Sub-District in which such Dwelling is situated.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING UP THE COLUMN HEADED " RANK, PROFESSION, OR OCCUPATION."—(PRESENT.)

OFFICERS IN THE ARMY AND NAVY to add, after their rank, whether in actual service, on half-pay, or retired ; and in the latter case, if engaged in any occupation, to be particular in stating it.

PERSONS IN THE CIVIL SERVICE to state, after their title or rank, the Department to which they are attached and also whether they are engaged in any other and what besides their official occupation.

MAGISTRATES, TOWN COUNCILLORS, and other important public officers, to state their profession or occupation, after their official title.

CLERGYMEN to state the Denomination of which they are ministers, and the place of worship in which they officiate. They are requested not to employ the indefinite term " Clerk." Local or occasional preachers to return their ordinary occupations.

MEMBERS OF THE LEGAL PROFESSION to state whether or not in actual practice ; and if holding any office, to give its title. Lawyers admitted elsewhere, but not on the Rolls-here, to state the grade and country. Persons employed in Solicitors' Offices to distinguish whether they are articled or other clerks.

MEMBERS OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION to state whether they are Physicians, Surgeons, or General Practitioners, and return themselves as practising or not practicing ; and if otherwise employed to state the occupation.

TEACHERS, AUTHORS, PUBLIC WRITERS, and ARTISTS to state the particular branch of science, literature, or art which they cultivate. Engineers to state whether civil engineer, mechanical engineer, mining engineer, &c. Surveyors to state whether land, mining, or marine surveyor.

PERSONS ENGAGED IN TRADE OR COMMERCE, as Merchants, Manufacturers, Storekeepers, Retailers, Brokers, Agents, Auctioneers, Clerks, &c., to state the particular business in which they are engaged, or the staple in which they deal. The ordinary and most commonly understood terms should be employed. Commercial Travellers should not omit the word commercial.

The terms FARMER OF GARDENER to be applied to all persons actually in occupation of land and tilling, whether proprietors or tenants. The number of hands employed should be returned thus " Farmer or gardener employing—men." The word landowner is too vague. Sons and daughters, brothers, or other relatives helping on farms or stations, may be returned as " Son assisting," " Daughter assisting," as the case may be.

GOLD MINERS to specify whether engaged in puddling, sluicing, quartz mining, crushing, &c., or alluvial mining. When a Gold Miner employs others to assist him, he should return himself " Gold Miner employing(—) men." A Gold Miner working for another should return himself as " Gold Miner," not as a laborer.

ARTISANS and MECHANICS should always mention whether they are Masters or Journeymen, whether they keep a shop, store, &c., and the number of persons in their employment. The materials on which mechanics work, and the particular branch of their trade, are always to be distinctly expressed ; thus " Ship Carpenter," "House Carpenter," " Shingler," " Coachsmith," " Locksmith," " Horse-shoer."

A person engaged in more than one pursuit should state his occupations in the order of their importance to himself.

CARTERS, CARRIERS, LABORERS, SERVANTS, &c., to describe themselves by the name of their usual employment, " Drayman on Wharf," " Carter to the Diggings," " Laborer, making roads," " Omnibus Driver," " Cabman," " Porter," " Messenger," &c.

Persons not following any Profession, Trade, or Calling, and not holding any public office, but possessed of independent means, may designate themselves " Proprietor of Land," " Proprietor of Houses," " Capitalist," " Annuitant," as the case may be. The word " Householder," should not be used in place of " proprietor of houses," nor the word" gentleman," or " body" in place of " so occupation," Persons who have ceased to follow one pursuit and have not commenced another, should enter " no occupation at present," Persons out of work should enter " unemployed" after their ordinary calling.

WOMEN.—

The occupations of Women, not coming under the foregoing instructions, and who are employed in any but domestic duties, should be distinctly recorded. But they should not be entered as engaged in the occupations of their Husbands or Fathers, &c., unless they regularly assist them. When only in the capacity of Wife, Mother, Daughter, Sister, &c., write " Domestic Duties"

CHILDREN.—

If children are regularly pursuing or assisting in any occupation it should be stated. If daily attending a Public or Private School, or receiving tuition under a master or governess at home, it should be specified by writing against the names "attending Common School," "attending Private School," "Scholar at Home," as the case may be. When only in the relation of Son, Daughter, or other relative, write "Domestic Duties," as in the case of Women.

PERSONS IN HOSPITALS, ASYLUMS, GAOLS, ETC.—

Care should be taken to describe their position as inmates ; thus "Prisoner," " Patient," " Gaoler," " Nurse." Ordinary occupations of prisoners patients, &c., should also be inserted.

The occupation which each person is following and deriving income from at the time of the census should in all cases be stated.

Every answer should be written in full. The use of dots (,,) or ditto (do.) leads to numerous mistakes, and cannot be admitted by the collectors.

CAUTION.—

Any person who shall refuse or willfully neglect to fill up, to the best of his or her knowledge, information, or belief, this form, or to sign and deliver the same, or shall refuse or willfully neglect to answer, or shall untruly answer any enquiry made by a Sub-enumerator, or willfully make, sign, or deliver, or cause to be made, signed, or delivered, any false return or statement of any particular in this form, is liable to a penalty not exceeding Twenty pounds.

Any Officer, Enumerator, Sub-enumerator, or Clerk who shall divulge any of the contents of this form (except as required by the Census Act) is liable to a penalty not exceeding Twenty pounds.

The foregoing is a true return concerning all persons in this dwelling. Witness my hand

Signature of Occupier or Person in Charge or of a Sub-enumerator.)

NOTE.—If the precise number of stock are not known, the numbers are to be estimated according to the best information procurable by the person filling the schedule. If only one animal is kept, it must still be noted in the proper column.

TO THE OCCUPANT OR PERSON IN CHARGE :

You are requested to insert the particulars specified in the form of return respecting all the persons who slept or abode in your dwelling on the night of the, 1871, and of the live stock kept.

This paper will be called for on Monday the day of (or as soon after as practicable) by the sub-enumerator ; and it will save trouble if, as the Act requires, you have the answers written in the proper columns by that day. It is the sub-enumerator's duty to verify the facts and (if you have omitted to comply with the above instructions) to record them at your residence.

This return is required to show the actual number of the population ; their distribution over the country in counties, electoral districts, shires, road districts, boroughs, villages, towns, parishes, goldfields, &c. ; their religions, occupations, ages, state of health, birth-places, civil condition, education, &c. Also the numbers and distribution of each description of live stock.

SECOND SCHEDULE.

I do hereby accept the office of enumerator [or sub-enumerator] under the "Census Act 1871" for the district or [or sub-district] to which I have been appointed. And I do solemnly declare that I will faithfully perform the duties of the said office to the best of my knowledge and ability.

[Signature.]

Made and subscribed before me at this day of 1871.

[Justice of the Peace or Enumeratoras the case may be.]

THIRD SCHEDULE.

I a sub-enumerator appointed under the "Census Act 1871" do solemnly declare that the forms numbered from to inclusive contained in the packet to which this declaration is attached are all the forms under the said Act which have been completed and received by me within the sub-district to which I was appointed, and that the whole contents of all the said forms are true to the best of my knowledge information and belief. And I further declare that I have distributed all necessary forms and that I have collected within the time specified in this Act all the forms so distributed.

[Signature of Sub-enumerator.]

Made and subscribed before me at this day of 1871.

Enumerator.

FOURTH SCHEDULE.

I an enumerator appointed for the district of under the "Census Act 1871" do solemnly declare that the packet addressed to the Registrar-General to which this declaration is attached contains all the forms and declarations transmitted to me by the [state here the number of sub-enumerators for his district] sub-enumerators appointed by me and also one collective return made out by me from the said forms and that such collective return is correctly and truly made to the best of my knowledge information and belief.

[Signature of Enumerator.]

Made and subscribed before me at this day of 1871.

Justice of the Peace.

APPENDIX. B.

INSTRUCTIONS TO ENUMERATORS.

(Issued under Section 7 of the Census Act 1871.)

SUBDIVISION OF DISTRICT.

1.

In the first instance it will be necessary that the enumerator should proceed to divide his districts into sub-districts. This he should do without delay in order that such subdivision may be submitted for approval by the Governor in Council. [Formation of sub-districts.]

2.

In performing this duty he will bear in mind the following points and adhere as closely as possible to the principles laid down for his guidance. [Points to be observed.]

3.

It is desirable as a general rule that the country should be so divided into sub-districts as to admit of all the schedules being called for on Monday and Tuesday the 3rd and 4th of April. As, however, it may not be possible to apply this rule to every part of the country, especially to sparsely populated and unsurveyed districts, it will be for the enumerator to judge how far he can do so without the risk of confusion as to boundaries, and consistently with the other circumstances upon which accuracy depends, such as being able to procure a sufficient number of competent sub-enumerators. [Collection where possible to be made in two days.]

4.

In apportioning the work the enumerator must consider the distance to be traversed by the sub-enumerator in going from dwelling to dwelling, and must so form the sub-districts as to comprise more dwellings when they lie near together, as in a town, and fewer when they lie far apart. [Sub-districts to be formed with regard to distance apart of dwellings.]

5.

Thus in a town where the houses adjoin, or are only a few yards apart, the number included in the sub-district may be from 200 to 250 inhabited houses ; in suburban districts and villages or goldfields, where the dwellings are still near, although further apart than in a closely built town, the number may be from 100 to 200 ; in the more settled agricultural districts, where there is occasionally a distance of more than half a mile between one dwelling and the next nearest, the number may be from 50 to 100 ; and in the more scattered agricultural districts where intervals of two miles or upwards intervence between some dwellings and others, less than 50 may be included in a sub-district. As regards the arrangements for collecting in pastoral districts or enumerating small bodies of miners engaged in prospecting, &c., the special circumstances of each locality must be taken into account, both as regards the time to be allowed and the number of habitations to be allotted to each sub-enumerator. [Number of dwellings to be included in a sub-district.]

6.

It is essential to the accuracy of the enumeration that the sub-districts be well defined and clearly described, so that no doubt may exist among the sub-enumerators as to which sub-district any one house may belong, and that there may be no chance of the inmates being, through any such doubt, either omitted or numbered twice over ; it is therefore impressed upon the enumerator that this can only be done effectually by adopting well-marked natural or artificial boundaries, such as creeks, the waterflow of gullies, streets, fenced-in or well-beaten roads, lines of electric telegraph, &c. Immaginary lines drawn from point to point on maps are inadmissible except in extreme cases. [Well-marked boundaries to be adopted.]

7.

It is desirable that the limits of the sub-districts should coincide, as far as practicable, with boundaries already known, such as those of a shire or road district, parish, borough, township, electoral district, &c., and that they should not without good reason be made up of parts of two or more of these divisions. [Sub-districts to coincide with permanent divisions.]

8.

The enumerator will bear in mind that the sub-districts into which he divides his district must together form the whole of that district, and that no part is to be left out under the assumption that it is uninhabited. [The whole district to be sub-divided.]

9.

He will also understand that it is expedient that every sub-district should be one connected portion of country, and should not consist of two or more detached portions. [Each sub-district to be in one block.]

10.

Having arranged the formation of the sub-districts in conformity with the foregoing instructions, the enumerator most before the 1st March 1871 return to this office one of the two maps sent, with his plan of subdivision clearly marked thereon ; and also transmit with such map one of the forms headed " Enumerator's Schedule A" with the information required respecting the proposed subdivision duly entered, taking care first to mark the other map and fill the other " Schedule A" in the same manner for his own guidance. [Maps and "Schedule A" to be returned.]

11.

If any serious doubts should occur to the enumerator as to the best mode of dividing his district, it is recommended that he should communicate without delay with the district surveyor, warden, clerk of petty sessions, or any other officers of Government who may be possessed of special information likely to aid him, and who will doubtless give him advice. This, however, should not be done on slight grounds, nor unless he absolutely requires such assistance. [Advice may be sought from Government officers.]

12.

A description of the boundaries of the district is sent with the maps, and it is necessary, to prevent mistakes on the part of the sub-enumerators, that the enumerator should also write similar descriptions of their sub-districts in their respective books. Such descriptions would be greatly assisted if accompanied by a sketch or tracing. [Sub-districts to be described in sub-enumerators' books.]

13.

In connection with the period to be allowed for collection, as already referred to that of distribution is to be considered ; and experience has shown that in densely peopled districts, where the sub-enumerators act on foot, one day for leaving the schedules is sufficient, thus accomplishing the work by the labor of three days viz., one for distribution and two for collection ; but where the population is more scattered, and the greater portion of the time is occupied in travelling from house to house, it will be necessary to allow an equal, or nearly equal time for distribution and collection. [Time allowed for distributing forms.]

14.

As an additional precaution against any misconception on the part of the sub-enumerators as to their respective boundaries, it would be well that the enumerator should endeavour, where possible, to collect them all together on some day prior to the taking of the census, so that each, by conferring with the sub-enumerators of the sub-districts adjoining his division, may arrive at a clear understanding of its exact boundaries. This course will afford the enumerator an opportunity of giving any explanation that may be wanted as to how the business of enumeration is to be performed, or any other matter left unexplained or doubtful in the " Instructions to Sub-enumerators." [Sub-enumerators to be assembled.]

15.

In case of any doubt as to the exact boundary line between his own and an adjoining district, the enumerator is recommended to communicate with the enumerator of that district and to enter into such arrangement as will enable the sub-enumerators acting on either side of the boundary to act in accordance, so that neither omissions nor overlapping may occur. The enumerator is charged to take every precaution that the persons he has appointed act in concord with each other, and with the sub-enumerators of adjoining districts. [Doubt as to boundaries.]

APPOINTMENT OF SUB-ENUMERATORS.

16.

Having arranged the subdivision of his district, the next matter to occupy the attention of the enumerator is the selection of as many sub-enumerators as there are sub-districts. [Selection of sub-enumerators.]

17.

The principal duties of the sub-enumerators are described in the eighth, ninth, and tenth sections of the Census Act, and the more detailed instructions which have been drawn up for their guidance. With these clauses and instructions the enumerator should make himself familiar. [Duties of sub-enumerators.]

18.

To fulfil his duties properly the sub-enumerator must be a person of intelligence and activity, must not be less than eighteen years of age, must read and write well, and must be sufficiently healthy and strong to undergo the exertion of performing his work with promptness ; he must be of temperate habits and of sufficiently good address to convey all the requisite information concerning the census in a manner calculated to obtain the good will and co-operation of the inhabitants. It will likewise be necessary that be should be well acquainted with the sub-district in which he is required to act. [Qualifications of sub-enumerators.]

19.

It is further desirable that each sub-enumerator should live in or near his own sub-district so that he may not have the additional labor of going far from home before he can begin his duties. It is not, therefore, advisable that many persons living at or near the same place should be selected. This rule, however, is not prescribed as one to which a rigid adherence is required, but on which the enumerator must exercise his discretion, remembering that character and fitness are most to be considered. [Sub-enumerators should live in their sub-districts.]

20.

The sub enumerators are of two classes, those acting on horseback and those acting on foot. The former are only to be appointed in country districts where a considerable distance has to be traveled in going from house to house. When mounted sub-enumerators are employed, it will be the enumerator's duty to see that horses are actually used, and that the Government is not improperly charged with the extra allowance paid to that class when the work was performed on foot. [Horse and foot sub-enumerators.]

21.

Should there be any large number of Chinese in his district it will be the enumerator's duty to endeavour to obtain the services of persons qualified to act as interpreters, who, if in other respects suitable, may be appointed as sub-enumerators for the Chinese quarters, or one may go round with the sub-enumerator to the dwellings of the Chinese to interpret their replies for his information in filling the schedules. [Chinese interpreters.]

22.

Having obtained a sufficient number of persons willing to serve as sub-enumerators in his district, and having satisfied himself as to their fitness by making the requisite enquires respecting them, the enumerator must prepare a list to be submitted to the Governor in Council for approval on the form headed " Enumerator's Schedule B." stating the name, age, and occupation of each person, the number and name, if any, of the sub-district to which it is proposed to appoint him, also whether he resides in, or in the immediate neighborhood of, such sub-district. [List of sub-enumerators to be forwarded.]

23.

In order to place enumerators in a position to engage competent persons to act as sub-enumerators, the Government has sanctioned their employment within the following scale :—Sub-enumerators acting on horseback, not exceeding £1 10s. per diem ; sub-enumerators acting on foot, not exceeding 15s. per diem. These, it will be observed, are the maximum rates ; it is not anticipated, however, that it will be necessary to give the full amount except in specially situated districts. The enumerator will therefore bear in mind that, should the services of suitable persons be obtainable at, and in his opinion be adequately remunerated with, a less sum, it is his duty to economise the cost of the census as much as possible. [Rate of payment to sub-enumerators.]

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS.

24.

Having compiled with the requirements of the Census Act, so far as the subdivision of his district and the selection of sub-enumerators is concerned, and having performed the duties appertaining thereto in accordance with the foregoing instructions, the enumerator will ascertain that all his sub-enumerators understand their duties and how the business of enumeration is to be performed, affording them all requisite information and explanation. [Sub-enumerators' duties to be explained.]

25.

The enumerator must obtain the signature of each person accepting the office of sub-enumerator to a copy of the Second Schedule of the Census Act. for which purpose forms are supplied, taking care to warm him previously to acceptance that he will not subsequently be at liberty, under a penalty of pound100, to refuse the office or to neglect the performance of his duties unless incapacitated by illness or other lawful cause. These documents must be forwarded to this office. [Declaration to be subscribed by sub-enumerators.]

26.

The enumerator must also make known to all those he appoints that no person employed on the census will be entitled to payment unless he has faithfully performed his duties. [Payment contingent upon work being well done.]

27.

As a security against misunderstanding, the enumerator will, after his arrangements as detailed in " Schedule A" have been approved, give to each sub-enumerator one of the forms of " Sub-enumerator's Appointment" duly filled up and signed by himself, and after inserting the same particulars in the form " Sub-enumerator's Acceptance of Office," he will require the sub-enumerator to sign it. The enumerator must take care that the times and rates of payment entered in these forms agree exactly with those embodied in " Schedule A," and will also be sure to make each sub-enumerator aware that he can only obtain the number of days' pay arranged to be allowed unless some unforeseen circumstance should occur which may justify an additional allowance. The forms " Sub-enumerator's Acceptance of Office" the enumerator will retain until the whole of the work has been completed and the sub-enumerators paid. [Agreements with sub-enumerators.]

28.

The enumerator will also explain to the sub-enumerators that no extra time can be allowed for making up their books, as that duty is supposed to be performed in the evening, after the work of collecting is over for the day. [Book to be written up in the evening.]

29.

Should the enumerator deem it advisable, for any reason, to remove a sub-enumerator after his appointment, or should any sub-enumerator be incapacitated from acting, the enumerator must at once appoint another to the vacancy and report the same for the approval of the Governor in Council. [Removal, &c., of sub-enumerator.]

30.

The enumerator must deliver to each sub-enumerator as many householders' schedules as there are dwellings in his sub-district, together with some spare ones, and cause him to leave, on Saturday the 1st April, or on such other of the ten days ending on that day as may be deemed expedient, one of those schedules for every household. He must also supply him with a copy of the " Instructions to sub-enumerators," and with one of the sub-enumerators' books. [Forms to be given to sub-enumerators.]

31.

During the period the collection of the schedules is going on, the enumerator must use every exertion which the circumstances of his district will admit of to observe how the different sub-enumerators perform their duties, and must avail himself of the knowledge he possesses of each sub-district to ascertain whether they omit any of the residents. [Sub-enumerators to be supervised.]

32.

The enumerator is required to receive the schedules of all his sub-enumerators within seven days after each of them has completed the collection, and it is desirable that he should arrange with each of them as to the day and hour at which he will receive and examine the documents. [Returns from sub-enumerators.]

33.

The enumerator must examine separately the householders' schedules, and see that they are properly filled, and in case of mistakes of any kind must insist on their being rectified. He must see that in each sub-enumerator's book, the county, electoral district, shire or road district, parish, borough, township, ward, &c., are correctly noted, and that the book is accurately made up. As the enumerator has the selection of his sub enumerators, he is responsible for their being competent to perform their work properly and must supply all deficiencies. [Sub-enumerator's work to be checked.]

34.

The enumerator must make out a summary of the returns given in by his sub-enumerators on the form headed " Enumerator's Schedule C," and supply the other information required to be entered in that document. [" Enumerator's Schedule C."]

35.

In all cases where the enumerator has reason to suppose that travelers or others have camped out in any sub-district on the night of the 2nd April, and has received no return respecting them, he must be particular to enquire strictly into the matter. He must also examine carefully the returns of travelers, &c., sent in by the different sub-enumerators, and must report whether he thinks such enumeration is correct ; or if he has reason to believe that all have not been taken, he must forward his estimate of the omissions with the data on which it is founded. [Travellers.]

36.

The enumerator is expected to see that each sub-enumerator duly accounts for all the schedules he receives, and returns those which are not required. [Schedules to be accounted for.]

37.

The enumerator must carefully attend to the requirements contained in the eleventh and thirteenth sections of the Census Act, respecting the time and mode of transmitting the schedules and other documents, taking care that every parcel has clearly recorded on it the name of his census district, and the number of the sub-district to which it belongs, and is well and securely made up, and in such sized parcels as the postmaster of the district may deem expedient. [Sections 11 and 13 of Census Act.]

38.

It will also be his duty to take such steps as may be required by the Honorable the Treasurer to procure payment of all those employed under him, and to see to the filling up and signing of the necessary certificates and vouchers for that purpose. [Payment of sub-enumerators.]

39.

Should the enumerator be prevented by sudden illness or other unavoidable cause from carrying out the task entrusted to him, he will communicate the fact to this office without delay, but should there not be sufficient time to appoint a successor he will at once depute a person to act for him, subject to the subsequent approval of the Governor in Council. [Sudden Illness, &c., of enumerators.]

40.

All communications on the subject of the census are to be addressed to " The Registrar-General, Census Office, Melbourne," and are to be marked on the outside with the word " Census," in accordance with the thirteenth section of the Act, which provides that communications so made shall be free of postage. [Communications.]

WILLIAM HENRY ARCHER,

Registrar-General.

Census Office,

Melbourne, 3rd January 1871.

APPENDIX C.

INSTRUCTIONS TO SUB-ENUMERATORS.

(Issued under Section 7 of the Census Act 1871.)

1.

The sub-enumerator will, after his appointment, receive from his enumerator a sufficient number of householders' schedules for distribution, and must ascertain the names of the county, electoral district, shire, road district or borough, parish, township, &c., in which his sub-district lies, and these it is advisable he should, in order to save time, insert on the back of the schedules before proceeding to deliver them. He must also make himself acquainted with the manner in which the entries are to be made by the householders ; and if the directions or examples on the back of the schedule do not appear clear to him, he must consult the enumerator, whose duty it is to afford him the requisite instructions. [Householders' schedules.]

2.

It is likewise important for him to make sure that he perfectly understands the boundaries of his sub-district, and if he entertain any doubt on the matter he should confer with his enumerator or with the sub-enumerators of the divisions adjoining his, so that he may neither omit any portion of his own sub-district nor enter into that of any other sub-enumerator. [Boundaries of sub-district.]

3.

He should also carefully read over those sections of the Act describing his duty and obligations, which are given herewith. [Sections of Census Act.]

4.

On Saturday the 1st April, or in course of as many other of the nine days preceding as the enumerator may direct, the sub-enumerator is to leave one or more schedules at every dwelling-place in his sub-district, according to the number of separate families residing in such dwelling. Every schedule is to be numbered prior to distribution, by which means the sub-enumerator will be able to observe, when going over the ground a second time, whether he has omitted to collect any left by him. [Distribution of schedules.]

5.

On the morning of Monday the 3rd April the sub-enumerator, taking with him some blank householders' schedules for the purpose of supplying omissions in the distribution, or to use in place of those lost or injured, also a bottle of ink and some pens, will proceed to visit every habitations in the sub-district assigned to him, selecting that course which is most convenient and admits of least chance of overlooking a house. If he cannot complete the collection of his sub-district within the time allowed by the enumerator, he must nevertheless continue until he has finished the work, in which case, if it should appear that the time originally fixed was insufficient, the enumerator's recommendation for additional remuneration will be duly considered. [Collection of schedules.]

6.

At each habitation the householder's schedule previously left must be asked for, and, when it is given, the sub-enumerator must ascertain if it contains all the particulars required, and, if not, he must endeavour to obtain such further information as is necessary ; he must ask if all the persons are entered who, on the night of the 2nd April, slept in that house, or in the part of the house which is occupied by the person making the return ; also, whether any members of the family or household who were absent on that night are included ; and, if so, he must strike them out, initialing such alteration, and writing the word "absent" on the margin. [Information to be completed.]

7.

He should likewise enquire if any person was temporarily absent on the night of the 2nd April ; and whether there is reason to suppose, in consequence of such person being in the bush travelling on that night, or on account of his being on watch, or working in a mine or elsewhere, he may not have been recorded. If this should turn out to be the case, the sub-enumerator should make an entry on a separate schedule of such particulars as would have been furnished respecting such person had he been at home, so far as they can be ascertained, with a note stating the cause of absence, &c. This schedule the sub-enumerator will enter in his book on the page opened for travelers, roving Aborigines, &c. [Inmate temporarily absent.]

8.

He must see whether a schedule is a return for the whole house or for a part of it only, and in case the house is occupied by more than one family he must obtain returns for the other part or parts of it upon separate schedules. When two or more schedules are used for a house, the sub-enumerator must pin them together at the upper left-hand corner, and must take care that the description of the house, &c., is entered on the outside schedule only, striking it out from all the others and inserting instead the words " Second Schedule," " Third Schedule," in the " Dwelling" column. In making this alteration he must be sure that he does not omit to record upon the First Schedule the full number of rooms contained in the house. [House occupied by several families.]

9.

Whenever the sub-enumerator is unable to obtain back the householder's schedule he deposited by reason of its being defaced or lost, he must put the requisite questions to the inmates, and insert the information on one of the spare schedules he takes with him from the answers given to him. Wherever it can be done without inconvenience or much delay, he should ask to see the master or mistress of the house, or head of the family, and civilly elicit information accordingly. The substituted schedule may be marked with the same number as the original one, with the addition of the word " substituted" after such number. [Schedule defaced or lost.]

10.

Should persons refuse to make written returns or to answer such questions as the sub-enumerator is authorized to put, he may remind them of the penalty to which they are rendering themselves liable, and point out the caution at the head of the schedule. He may also warn persons whom he may suspect of giving false information of the penalty they are incurring by so doing. He must represent to the masters or persons in charge of hotels, public-houses, lodging-houses, and the like, that they are required to give a return of the numbers and sexes, and as many other particulars as are known to them respecting every person who abode in their houses on the night of the 2nd April. [Refusal to supply information.]

11.

If a house in which some one resides is found locked up, a schedule should be placed under the door or left with a neighbor. If, on returning for the schedule, the sub-enumerator should again find the house empty, and the paper not be left out for him, he must call again and endeavour to meet with the occupier. Should he be unable to do so after several attempts, he should fill a schedule from information obtained from one of the neighbors or some other person acquainted with the inmates, in which case the house may be considered as properly visited. He must, however, take care that no persons are recorded in this manner who did not actually sleep in the house on the census night. [House-holder absent.]

12.

The sub-enumerator must not omit to enter persons on the schedules because he cannot obtain all the information respecting them. If, for example, he can learn no more than that a person who has since gone away, and whose name is unknown, slept in a house or camped out in a certain place on the night of the 2nd April, he must fill a schedule for such person, writing " not known" in the column where the name should be, always stating the sex and adding such other particulars of age, &c., as can be ascertained or estimated. [Failure to obtain full information.]

13.

The descriptions of all houses intended for residences, which may be uninhabited or in course of erection at the date of taking the census, are to be entered on occupiers' schedules in the proper column, with the word " uninhabited" or " building," as the case may be, added. Such schedules are to be signed by the sub-enumerator. No account is to be taken of buildings, such as churches, stores, &c., in which nobody sleeps, and which are not used nor intended to be used as dwellings. [Uninhabited and unfinished houses.]

14.

In the case of public offices, banks, stores, &c., in which a person or family resides in order to take care of the premises, the number of rooms occupied by such person or family is to be given only, and not the whole number in the building. Where a shop is attached to a dwelling, the former is not to be considered a room without some one sleeps therein. [Public offices, banks, &c.]

15.

The " Land in Occupation," to be entered in the last column of the householder's schedule, is intended to embrace not only that which surrounds the dwelling, but, in addition, any detached blocks or allotments which may be owned or rented by the householder and used by himself. Lands which are let by him to others are not to be include in his return, but in that of the lessee or occupier. [Land in occupation.]

16.

The Crown land attached to squatting stations is to be entered in the line " Rented from the Crown," as also is all occupied Crown land which has been selected and is subject to deferred payments, rent, or license. Lands which have merely been selected, but which are neither improved nor occupied, are not to be returned. [Crown land occupied.]

17.

In the event of the precise number of live stock kept not being known to any householder, the sub-enumerator may inform him of that provision in the Census Act which prescribes that no penalty shall be enforced on persons who, in that case, give an estimated or approximate number as near to the truth as they are able to arrive at.

18.

All the land occupied and live stock kept by any householder must be returned on his schedule without regard to whether some of the land may be situated, or stock running, in other districts. [Land and stock in other districts.]

19.

The sub-enumerator is required to make enquiry and to furnish an estimate respecting the number, sex, &c., of all travelers he may hear of who camped out or slept under drays on the night of the 2nd April within his sub-district, but whom he has not succeeded in meeting with. [Travellers.]

20.

He is also enjoined to record as accurately as possible the number of roving Aborigines in his sub-district, distinguishing the men and women, and the children of either sex, and also entering such other particulars respecting their probable ages, &c., as he may be able to gather. [Aborigines.]

21.

He will likewise be particulars to see that the number and sex of persons employed by others in agricultural, pastoral, mining, and manufacturing pursuits are duly noted after the occupations of their employers, as directed in the instructions printed on the back of the schedule. [Hands employed.]

22.

The schedules of public institutions, such as hospitals, gaols, and the like, are to be kept separate from those of householders, and distinctly marked. [Public institutions.]

23.

When the sub-enumerator has collected the householder [Illegible] all those distributed have been received, and that each schedule is properly filled. In case of omissions in either respect he must, with the utmost promptness, take steps to supply them. [Schedules to be examined.]

24.

He must then arrange the schedules so that those of each separate place may be together in the order of their entry in his book, after which he must complete the information required to be entered therein, and having certified to its correctness, in the form provided for that purpose at the end of the book, he must deliver all to the enumerator, which must be done within seven days after the collection has been completed. [Book to be entered up.]

25.

In filling up the schedule of any enumerator or sub-enumerator, the ordinary occupation is to be entered, and not the name of the office held in connection with the census. [Ordinary calling of enumerator, &c., to be entered]

26.

All householders' schedules received by the sub-enumerator must be duly accounted for in the form for that purpose at the beginning of his book, and all surplus schedules left blank after the work has been completed are to be returned to the enumerator. [Schedules to be accounted for.]

WILLIAM HENRY ARCHER,

Registrar-General.

Census Office,

Melbourne, 3rd January 1871.

EXTRACTS FROM " THE CENSUS ACT 1871."

8.

Every sub-enumerator shall within ten days ending on the day immediately preceding that fixed for taking the census as aforesaid leave at every dwelling

9.

Every sub-enumerator shall on the day next following that fixed for taking the census as aforesaid or as soon thereafter as practicable demand and receive the said form at every dwelling as aforesaid within his sub-district, and shall satisfy himself by enquiries of the occupier or person in charge of the dwelling or of persons in or near such dwelling that such form is fully truly and correctly filled up, or if not so in any particular shall himself according to the best information which he shall be able to obtain make the same complete and correct, and in such case shall then and there countersign the said form with his own name.

10.

Every sub-enumerator shall within seven days after all the forms within his sub-district shall have been completed and received by him deliver them to the enumerator of his district together with a declaration made and subscribed by himself in the form of the Third Schedule hereto. And any enumerator may in the case of any defect or deficiency in any form so delivered require the sub-enumerator delivering the same to make further enquiries and to correct such defect or supply such deficiency at his own cost.

13.

All letters and packets on the subject of this Act transmitted by post within Victoria to or from the Registrar-General or any enumerator or sub-enumerator if marked on the outside with the word "Census" shall be delivered free of postage until such day in the year One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one as the Governor in Council may appoint.

15.

If any sub-enumerator fail to return to the enumerator of his district all the forms received by him, or willfully sign or deliver any untrue form or alter any form except as aforesaid, or otherwise wilfully violate any provision of this Act, he shall for every such offence be liable to a penalty not exceeding Fifty pounds.

16.

If any enumerator or sub-enumerator make and subscribe a false declaration under this Act before any justice or enumerator he shall be deemed gnilty of perjury.

17.

If any persons accept the office of enumerator or sub-enumerator under this Act and afterwards without lawful excuse refuse or wilfully neglect to perform any duty of such office, the person so offending shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding One hundred pounds.

18.

If any officer enumerator sub-enumerator or clerk divulge the contents of any form except as required by this Act he shall for every such offence be liable to a penalty not exceeding Twenty pounds.

APPENDIX D.

ENUMERATOR'S SCHEDULE (A).

FORM OF PROPOSED SUBDIVISION OF ENUMERATOR'S DISTRICT.

(INSTRUCTIONS TO ENUMERATORS, CLAUSE 10.).

The foregoing* sub-enumerators' districts, together, comprise the whole of the above-named enumerator's, district, and no part thereof, whether inhabited or uninhabited, is omitted.

Signature of Enumerator

ENUMERATOR'S SCHEDULE (B)

INSTRUCTIONS TO ENUMERATOR'S, CLAUSE 22.)

Signature of Enumerator

ENUMERATOR'S SCHEDULE (C).

(COLLECTIVE RETURN.)

(INSTRUCTIONS TO ENUMERATORS, CLAUSE 34.)

Signature of Enumerator.

APPENDIX E.

SUB-ENUMERATOR'S BOOK.

DIRECTIONS RESPECTING THE MANNER IN WHICH ENTRIES ARE TO BE MADE.

1.

The sub-enumerator, after completing the out-door portion of each day's work, should proceed during the evening to make entries in this book of these schedules he has collected throughout the day, and thus keep the compilation in a forward state, so as to be able to give in his returns to the enumerator promptly at the appointed time. [Book to be written up in the evening.]

2.

The number of each sub-district and its name, if any, as given in the enumerator's map and schedule of division must be stated on the first page, in addition to the name of the sub-enumerator. If the enumerator should omit to insert these particulars, the sub-enumerator is to enter them. [Number, &c., of sub-district.]

3.

The name of the county or unsettled district and that of the electoral district must be entered at the top of each page, and if the dwellings represented by the schedules abstracted thereon are situated in a borough, shire, township, &c., the name is to be inserted in the proper line, also the name of the ward or riding, if any, and that of the parish and so on. In case a sub-district extends to portions of more than one of these divisions, the entries should be so arranged that all the schedules entered on a page may belong to the place mentioned at the top of that page, and at the end of such place the words " End of Borough [or " Shire," " Parish," &c., as the case may be] of —, " should be noted, and no more entries made there, but the next entries should be begun on the following page. [Names of places.]

4.

It is only necessary to insert the name of the head of the household in the second column, and not that of any other member of the family. [Name of house-holder.]

5.

The number of every schedule must be entered in the proper column. If a schedule has been lost or destroyed at the house where it was left, and another substituted therefore, the letter " S" must be added after the number, and a note made of the circumstances in the column headed " Remarks," so that the missing schedule may be accounted for. [Number of schedule.]

6.

The Chinese and Aborigines contained in each schedule are to be included with the Europeans in the two columns headed " Total Number of Persons," &c., and such Chinese and Aborigines respectively, according to their sex, are then to be repeated in the subsequent columns. [Chinese and Aborigines.]

7.

If entries have been made on schedules of the exact or estimated number of travelers, roving Aborigines, or other persons not sleeping in houses during any portion of the census night, such schedules are to be abstracted on a special page after the pages devoted to the return of the householders. [Travellers, &c.]

8.

In all cases where houses are subdivided between different householders, or where more than one schedule has to be used, in consequence of there being more persons in the house than there are lines in the schedule, the fact is to be recorded in the column headed " Remarks," so as to show the number of houses as distinguished from the number of schedules. [More than one family in a house]

9.

Schedules relating to dwelling-houses which are unoccupied or being built must be entered in their proper order, and the words " uninhabited" or "building," as the case may be, must be written in the column for " Remarks." [Unoccupied and unfinished houses.]

10.

If, owing to removals or other causes, a sub-enumerator cannot recover any schedules distributed by him, he must note the circumstance opposite the missing numbers. If, on the other hand, he receives schedules distributed in other districts, he should enter them after his own, and make a note that they were distributed elsewhere. [Removals.]

11.

The additions of one page are not to be carried on to the next, but the totals of all the pages are to be copied into the Summary form at the end of the book. This summary is then to be completed and added, so as to show the required particulars respecting the entire sub-district upon one line. [Summary to be made.]

12.

All householders' schedules received by the sub-enumerator are to be duly accounted for in the form provided for that purpose at the beginning of the book. [Schedules to be accounted for.]

Signature of Sub-enumerator

Number of schedules in this page Number of dwellings in this page :—Inhabited, ; Uninhabited, ; Building,

SUB-ENUMERATOR'S BOOK.

CERTIFICATES OF ENUMERATOR AND SUB-ENUMERATOR.

CERTIFICATE OF SUB-ENUMERATOR.

I hereby certify that the account contained in this book of the population and dwellings in the sub-district for which I have acted as sub-enumerator is correct, to the best of my knowledge and belief, and that I have duly and faithfully performed the duties of my office.

Sub-enumerator.

Date 1871.

CERTIFICATE OF ENUMERATOR.

I hereby certify that I have examined the entries in this book, and that I believe the account of population and dwellings it contains to be correct, and that the sub-enumerator has duly and faithfully performed the duties of his office.

Enumerator.

Date - 1871.

APPENDIX F.

BOUNDARIES OF CENSUS DISTRICTS.

In pursuance of the provisions of the 4th section of The Census Act for 1871, the Governor in Council has defined the districts for which enumerators shall act in manner following, that is to say—

NO. 1.—MELBOURNE.

Commencing at that point on the north bank of the River Yarra-yarra intersected by a line passing through the centre of Elizabeth street ; thence westerly by the said north bank to the western boundary of the city ; thence north by that western boundary to a post due west of a line passing through the centre of Victoria street ; thence east by that line passing through the centre of Victoria street (excluding the Benevolent Asylum Reserve) and Victoria parade to Gisborne street ; thence south by the centre of Gisborne street and by a line bearing south to the River Yarra-yarra ; thence westerly by the north bank of the said river to the commencing point.

NO. 2.—NORTH MELBOURNE.

Commencing at that point in the centre of Victoria parade intersected by a line passing through the centre of Nicholson street ; thence north by the centre of that street and by a line bearing north to the southern boundary of portion 90, parish of Jika-Jika ; thence west by the southern boundary of that portion, and by the southern boundary of portion 91 to the Moonee Ponds ; thence southerly by the Moonee Ponds to the site of Main's bridge ; thence by a line bearing south to a point due west of a line passing through the centre of Victoria street ; thence east by that line passing through the centre of Victoria street (including the Benevolent Asylum Reserve) and Victoria parade to the commencing point.

NO. 3.—EMERALD HILL AND SANDRIDGE.

Commencing at the junction of the River Yarra-yarra and the Saltwater River ; thence by the south bank of the Yarra-yarra River to Prince's bridge ; thence by the centre of the main Brighton road to Fitzroy street, St. Kilda ; thence by the centre of that street to the sea-coast ; thence by the sea-coast to the River Yarra-yarra ; thence by the eastern bank of that river to the commencing point.

NO. 4.—WILLIAMSTOWN.

Commencing on the sea-coast at the south-east angle of portion A, section 3, parish of Cut-paw-paw ; thence by a line bearing north to the Stony Creek ; thence by the Stony Creek to the River Yarra-yarra ; thence by that river to the sea-coast ; thence by the sea-coast to the commencing point.

NO. 5.—FITZROY.

Commencing at the intersection of Victoria parade and Nicholson street ; thence north by the centre of the latter-named street to the southern boundary of portion 90, parish of Jika-jika ; thence east by the said southern boundary to the Merri Creek ; thence south-easterly by the Merri Creek to a bridge south of High street in the township of Northcote ; thence south-westerly by the centre of a Government road to the centre of the Heidelberg road ; thence south by the centre of Smith street to Victoria parade ; thence west by the centre of Victoria parade to the commencing point.

NO. 6.—EAST COLLINGWOOD.

Commencing at a point in the centre of Victoria parade where it is intersected by the centre of Smith street ; thence by the centre of Victoria parade and of Victoria street and a line due east to the River Yarra-yarra ; thence by that river to the Merri Creek ; thence by the Merri Creek to a bridge south of High street in the township of Northcote (being the boundary of the borough of Fitzroy) ; thence south-westerly by the centre of a Government road to the centre of the Heidelberg road ; thence further south-westerly by the centre of the Heidelberg road to a point due north of the centre of Smith street ; thence south by the centre of Smith street to the commencing point.

NO. 7.—RICHMOND.

Commencing at a point on the north bank of the River Yarra-yarra due south of the centre of Gisborne street ; thence by a line bearing north to Gisborne street, and by the centre of Gisborne street to Victoria parade ; thence east by a line passing through the centre of Victoria parade and Victoria street, and a prolongation of that line to the River Yarra-yarra ; thence southerly and westerly by the west and north bank of the said river to the commencing point.

NO. 8.—PRAHRAN.

Commencing at the junction of the Kooyoung Koot or Gardiner's Creek with the River Yarra-yarra ; thence by a road south to the Dandenong road ; thence westerly by the centre of the Dandenong road and of Wellington street to the intersection of the latter-named street with the Brighton road ; thence northerly by the centre of the Brighton road to Prince's bridge ; thence easterly by the south bank of the River Yarra-yarra to the commencing point.

NO. 9.—ST. KILDA.

Commencing in the centre of the Glen Huntly road at the intersection of it by a road forming the eastern boundary of portion 273, parish of Prahran ; thence north by the centre of that road (being the eastern boundary of the borough of St. Kilda) to the Dandenong road ; thence westerly through the centre of the Dandenong road and of Wellington street to the intersection of the latter-named street by the Brighton road ; thence south-westerly by the centre of Fitzroy street, St. Kilda, to the shores of the bay ; thence by the shores of the bay to a point due west of the centre of Park street (running through the village reserve of Elsternwick) ; thence east by the centre line of that street to its intersection with St. Kilda street ; thence north by the centre of that street to the Glen Huntly road ; thence east by the centre of that road to the commencing point. The boundaries from the sea-coast are coterminous with those of the borough of St. Kilda.

NO. 10.—HAWTHORN.

Commencing at the junction of the Kooyoung Koot Creek or Gardiner's Creek with the River Yarra-yarra ; thence by that creek to the north-eastern angle of the parish of Prahran ; thence south by the centre of the road forming the east boundary of the said parish to the centre of a road forming the northern boundary of sections 8, 7, 6, 5, parish of Mordialloc ; thence east by the centre of that road to the Dandenong Creek ; thence northerly by the boundaries of the counties of Mornington and Evelyn to the Yarra-yarra River ; thence by the said river to the commencing point.

NO. 11.—BRIGHTON.

Commencing on the shore of Port Phillip Bay at a point due west of the centre of Park street (running through the village reserve of Elsternwick) ; thence east to and by that street to its intersection with St. Kilda street ; thence north by that street to its intersection with the Glen Huntly road ; thence east by that road to its intersection with a road forming the eastern boundary of the borough of St. Kilda ; thence north by that road to the Dandenong road ; thence east by that road to a road running north, being the eastern boundary of the borough of Prahran ; thence north by that road to the River Yarra-yarra ; thence by the Kooyoung Koot or Gardiner's Creek and a road forming the eastern boundary of the parish of Prahran bearing south to a road forming the northern boundary of sections 8, 7, 6, 5, parish of Mordialloc ; thence east by that road to the Dandenong Creek ; thence on the east and south by the county of Mornington ; thence on the west by the sea-coast to the commencing point. In every case the boundary line is to be taken through the centre of each road or street.

NO. 12.—EAST BOURKE.

Commencing at the source of the River Plenty in the Great Dividing Range ; thence westerly by the Dividing Range to the source of the north-eastern branch of the Saltwater River ; thence southerly by the said river to the south-western angle of section 12, parish of Bulla-bulla ; thence by the southern boundary of the said section and by a line bearing east to the source of the Moonee Ponds in section XI., parish of Yuroke ; thence by the Moonee Ponds southerly to the north-western angle of portion CXLII., parish of Jika-jika ; thence by a line bearing east, and by the northern, eastern, and southern boundaries of the town reserve of Pentridge to the Merri Creek ; thence southerly by the Merri Creek to the south-western angle of portion CXXIII., parish of Jika-jika ; thence by a line bearing east to the Darebin Creek ; thence by the Darebin Creek to the River Yarra-yarra ; thence by the said river to its junction with the River Plenty ; thence by the River Plenty to the commencing point.

NO. 13.—EAST BOURKE BOROUGHS.

Commencing at a point on the east bank of the Moonee Ponds, being the north-western angle of portion CXLII., parish of Jika-jika ; thence by a line bearing east, and by the northern, eastern, and southern boundaries of the town reserve of Pentridge to the Merri Creek ; thence southerly by the Merri Creek to the south-western angle of portion CXXIII., in the said parish ; thence by a line bearing east to the Darebin Creek ; thence southerly by the Darebin Creek to the River Yarra-yarra ; thence by the said river to the Merri Creek aforesaid ; thence northerly by the Merri Creek to the south-eastern angle of portions 90 in the said parish ; thence west by the southern boundaries of portions 90 and 91 to the Moonee Ponds aforesaid ; thence northerly by the Moonee Ponds to the commencing point.

NO. 14.—KEILOR.

Commencing at the mouth of the Skeleton Waterholes ; thence by the coast and the Werribee to the north-west angle of section 27, parish of Tarrneit ; thence east by a Government road to the south-east angle of section 2, parish of Derrimut ; thence northerly by the Government road to Kororoit Creek ; thence by that creek to the south-west angle of portion A, section 1, parish of Maribyrnong ; thence north to the north-west angle of said section 1; thence west to the south-western angle of section 20, parish of Kororoit ; thence north to the eastern branch of the Kororoit Creek ; thence by that creek to the north-west angle of section 13, parish of Holden ; thence east to the eastern boundary of the Mount Alexander and Murray River Railway ; thence southerly by the eastern boundary of the said railway to its point of intersection with the centre of the Mount Alexander road ; thence south-easterly by the centre of the said road to the point of its intersection with the northern boundary of the parish of Maribyrnong ; thence east by the said northern boundary of that parish to the north-west angle of portion B, section XXVIII., in the said parish ; thence further east by the northern boundaries of sections IX., VIII., VII., in the parish of Tullamarine, to a point in the centre of the Deep Creek road where it is intersected by the northern boundary of the said section VII. ; thence south-easterly by the centre of the said road to a point where it is intersected by the western boundary of section VI., in the said parish ; thence north by that western boundary and a line to the Moonee Ponds ; thence by the Moonee Ponds, the municipal boundary of Melbourne, the River Yarra-yarra, the north and west boundaries of the borough of Williamstown, and the shores of Port Phillip Bay to the commencing point.

NO. 15.—GISBORNE.

Commencing on the eastern branch of the Kororoit Creek at the north-west angle of section 2, parish of Holden ; thence by the Kororoit Creek and the northern boundaries of sections 6, 5, 4, and 30, parish of Yangardook, to the Toolern-toolern Creak ; thence by that creek to the north-eastern angle of section 47, parish of Yangardook ; thence west to a Government road ; thence northerly by that road to the south-west angle of the parish of Gisborne ; thence by said road (being the south-west boundary of the parishes of Gisborne and Macedon) in a north-westerly direction to the Dividing Range ; thence by the Dividing Range to the south-western angle of section 33, parish of Forbes ; thence by the northern and eastern boundaries of the Electoral District of West Bourke to the intersection of the Moonee Ponds with the eastern boundary of section VIII., parish of Bulla ; thence by the Moonee Ponds to a point north of the western boundary of section VI., parish of Tullamarine ; thence by a line south and by the said western boundary to the point of its intersection with the centre of the Deep Creek road ; thence north-westerly by the centre of that road to the northern boundary of section VII., parish of Tullamarine ; thence west by the northern boundary of part of section VII., of sections VIII., and XI., to the north-west angle of section IX., in the said parish ; thence southerly and westerly by the north boundary of the parish of Maribyrnong to its intersection with the centre of the Mount Alexander road ; thence north westerly by the centre of that road to the point of its intersection with the eastern boundary of the Mount Alexander and Murray River Railway ; thence further north-westerly by the said eastern boundary to the northern boundary of section XIV., parish of Holden ; thence west by the northern boundary of part of section XIV. and of section XIII. to the eastern branch of the Kororoit Creek ; thence by that creek to the commencing point.

NO. 16.—BACCHUS MARSH.

Commencing on the eastern branch of the Kororoit Creek at the north-west angle of section II., in the parish of Holden ; thence westerly by the Kororoit Creek and the northern boundaries of sections VI., V., IV., and XXX., in the parish of Yangardook, to the Toolern-toolern Creek ; thence by that creek to the north-eastern angle of section XL.VII., in the parish of Yangardook ; thence west to a Government road ; thence northerly by the said road to the south-west angle of the parish of Gisborne ; thence north-westerly by the same road (forming the south-west boundary of the parishes of Gisborne and Macedon) to the Dividing Range ; thence westerly by the Dividing Range to the source of the Werribee River ; thence by the said river to the south-west angle of section I., parish of Pywheitjorrk ; thence east to the south-east angle of section II., parish of Derrimut ; thence northerly by a Government road to the Kororoit Creek ; thence by that creek to the south-west angle of portion A, section I., parish of Maribyrnong ; thence north to the north-west angle of section I., in the said parish ; thence west to the south-western angle of section XX. ; thence north to the commencing point.

NO. 17.—EVELYN.

Commencing at the source of the River Plenty ; thence by that river to the River Yarra-yarra ; thence by that river to the confluence of the Deep Creek ; thence by that creek to the range between the River Yarra-yarra and the Dandenong Creek ; thence south-easterly, northerly, and westerly, by the range forming the basin of the River Yarra, to the commencing point. The boundaries being throughout conterminous with those of the county of Evelyn.

NO. 18.—MORNINGTON.

Commencing at the source of the River Buneep-buneep ; thence westerly by the Dividing Range to the source of the Deep Creek ; thence by that creek and a line south two miles fifty-eight chains to Dandenong Creek ; thence by that creek to the Carrum Swamp ; thence by that swamp and the Mordialloc Creek to the mouth of the latter at the Long Beach, below Ben-ben Gin ; thence by the shores of Port Phillip Bay to Point Nepean ; on the south-west and south by the sea-coast from Point Nepean to Cape Patterson ; on the east by a line north from Cape Patterson to the Warringrin Range ; thence along the top of the said range in a northerly direction to the mouth of the River Buneep-buneep ; thence by that river to the commencing point. Including French and Phillip islands, and the small islands and ships or vessels in Western Port Bay. The boundaries are throughout coterminous with those of the county of Mornington.

NO. 19.—KILMORE.

Commencing at the junction of Hughes' Creek with the Goulburn River ; thence southerly by the boundary between the counties of Dalhousie and Anglesey ; thence westerly and north-westerly by the Dividing Range (being the southern boundary of the county of Dalhousie) to the point where it is intersected by the western boundary of the Pyalong Road District ; thence northerly, north-westerly, and north-easterly by the boundary of the said road district to the commencing point.

NO. 20.—KYNETON.

Commencing at the junction of the rivers Campaspe and Coliban ; thence southerly by the River Coliban to the Dividing Range ; thence easterly by the Dividing Range to the point where it is intersected by the west boundary of the Pyalong Road District ; thence northerly, north-westerly, and north-easterly by the boundary of the said road district to the point where it is intersected by the south-west boundary of the Electoral District of Rodney ; thence north-westerly by that boundary to the commencing point.

NO. 21.—RODNEY.

Commencing at the confluence of the rivers Campaspe and Coliban ; thence by a line south-easterly to the source of the McIvor or Patterson's Creek ; thence by a line north-easterly to the confluence of Hughes' Creek with the River Goulburn ; thence by the rivers Goulburn, Murray, and Campaspe to the commencing point.

NO. 22.—ANGLESEY.

Commencing at the junction of Hughes' Creek with the River Goulburn ; thence southerly by the Goulburn and the Dabyminga Creek to the source of the latter in the Dividing Range (being the west boundary of the county of Anglesey) ; thence easterly by the Dividing Range to the main source of the Goulburn River ; thence by the range dividing the waters of the main source of the Goulburn and Big rivers from those of the Rubicon and Snodpon-dock Creek northward to Mount Torbreck ; thence by Jerusalem Creek to its confluence with the River Goulburn ; thence by the River Goulburn to the confluence of the River Delatite ; thence by the River Delatite, Hunter's or Brankeet Creek, and the Merton Creek to the source of the last-named in the Strathbogie Range ; thence by that range to the source of Hughes' Creek ; thence by Hughes' Creek to the commencing point. The boundaries are throughout coterminous with those of the county of Anglesey.

NO. 23.—MANSFIELD.

Commencing at the source of the Merton Creek in the Strathbogie Range ; thence southerly by the Merton Creek, the Delatite and Goulburn rivers, and Jerusalem Creek, and part of the eastern boundary of the county of Anglesey to the Great Dividing Range ; thence easterly and northerly by the Dividing Range to Mount Selwyn ; thence northerly by part of the west boundary of the Shire of Bright to the south boundary of the Shire of Oxley ; thence westerly by the south boundaries of Oxley and Benalla Shires to the commencing point.

NO. 24.—BENALLA.

Commencing at the junction of the Murray and Ovens rivers ; thence southerly by the Ovens River and Fifteen-mile Creek to the northern boundary of allotment 6, section F, on that creek ; thence by that last boundary and the western boundaries of allotments 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and the west and south boundaries of allotment 1, all of said section F ; thence further southerly by the said creek to a point due east from the summit of Futter's Range, where it is crossed by the Sydney road ; thence west to that crossing and by that range to the summit nearest to the source of Fifteen-mile Creek ; thence to a point where a direct line to the eastern source of King River is intersected by the western branch of that river ; thence by that western branch and the range dividing King and Holland rivers from the Broken River to the source of the Back Creek ; thence by the Back Creek to the Broken River ; thence by the Broken River to Sandy Creek and by Sandy Creek to its source ; thence by the range dividing Sandy Creek from Tallangalook Creek continued to and by the northern boundary of the county of Anglesey to the junction of Hughes' Creek with the Goulburn River ; thence by the Goulburn and Murray rivers to commencing point.

NO. 25.—WANGARATTA.

Commencing at the junction of the Murray and Ovens rivers ; thence southerly by the Ovens River and Fifteen-mile Creek to the northern boundary of allotment 6, section F, on that creek ; thence by that last boundary and the western boundaries of allotments 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and the western and southern boundaries of allotment 1, all of said section F; thence further southerly by the said creek to the point where it is crossed by the electric telegraph line ; thence by the electric telegraph line of posts to the River Murray (passing through Wangaratta, Beechworth, and Belvoir) ; thence by the River Murray westerly to the commencing point.

NO. 26.—BEECHWORTH.

Commencing at the junction of the Murray and Mitta-mitta rivers ; thence southerly by the Mitta-mitta and Little rivers or Sandy Creek to the source of the latter in the Dividing Range ; thence by the Dividing Range and a line south to a point on the Ovens River nine miles above its junction with the River Buckland ; thence by a line to the source of the River Buckland ; thence by a Dividing Range to the source of the River Buffalo ; thence by a direct line south-westerly to the source of the eastern branch of the King River ; thence north-westerly by a direct line to Futter's Range, nearest the source of Fifteen-mile Creek ; thence westerly and northerly by that range to the Sydney road ; thence due east to Fifteen-mile Creek ; thence northerly by Fifteen-mile Creek to the point where it is crossed by the electric telegraph line ; thence by the line of telegraph posts to the River Murray (passing through Wangaratta, Beechworth, and Belvoir) ; thence by the River Murray easterly to the commencing point.

NO. 27A.—UPPER MURRAY.

Commencing at the junction of the Murray and Mitta-mitta rivers ; thence southerly by the Mitta-mitta and Little River or Sandy Creek and the electoral boundary between the Ovens and Murray electoral districts, to the point where that boundary is cut by the boundary of Bright Shire ; thence south-easterly by the boundary of Bright Shire to Mount Nelson ; thence north-easterly and south-easterly by the north-western and north-eastern boundaries of Bairnsdale Shire to Forest Hill ; thence by the north-eastern boundary of the Colony of Victoria and by the River Murray to the commencing point.

NO. 27B.—BUCKLAND.

Commencing at a point in the eastern boundary of the electoral district of the Ovens where it is intersected by the boundary of the Shire of Bright ; thence southerly to a point on the Ovens River nine miles above its junction with the River Buckland ; thence by a line to the source of the River Buckland ; thence by the Dividing Range to the source of the River Buffalo ; thence by the Buffalo Range southerly to the Great Dividing Range at Mount Selwyn ; thence south-easterly and north-easterly by the Great Dividing Range to Forest Hill (being the boundary between the unsettled districts of the Murray and Gippsland) ; thence north-westerly and south-westerly by the boundary of Bairnsdale Shire to Mount Nelson ; thence north-westerly by the boundary of Bright Shire to the commencing point.

NO. 28.—MARYBOROUGH.

Commencing at the junction of the Green Gully Creek with the Loddon River ; thence south by the Green Gully Creek, and upwards by that creek to a point due east of the south-eastern angle of the Glengowrie pre-emptive right ; thence due west by the southern boundary of the parish of Rodborough to the south-west angle of section 8, in said parish ; thence north by a surveyed road to its intersection by the road from Newstead to Amberst ; thence westerly by the southern boundary of the said parish and the northern boundary of the reserve on Mount Greenock Creek, in the parish of Craigie, to the south-eastern angle of the parish of Maryborough, and by the southern boundary of the said parish passing south of White Horse and Frenchman's reefs, north of Britannia, Welcome, and Prussian reefs, to the point where the road from Maryborough to the Avoca crosses the Adelaide Lead ; thence by the latter-named road through the parish of Bung Bong to the crossing-place on the Bet-bet or McNeil's Creek, being about two miles north of Glenmona pre-emptive section ; thence down said creek to its junction with the Loddon River ; thence by the latter-named river to the commencing point.

NO. 29.—CASTLEMAINE.

Commencing at the junction of Limestone Creek with the River Loddon ; thence southerly, easterly, northerly, and easterly by the northern boundary of the electoral district of Creswick to the north east angle of section 64, parish of Edgecombe ; thence northward by the River Coliban to the Myrtle Creek ; thence by the Myrtle Creek to the north-east angle of the parish of Sutton Grange ; thence southerly, westerly, and southerly by the boundary of the said parish to the north boundary of the parish of Harcourt ; thence further west by the said boundary to Barker's Creek ; thence southerly by Barker's Creek and the Loddon to the commencing point.

NO. 30.—DAYLESFORD.

Commencing at the junction of the Green Gully Creek with the Loddon River ; thence by that creek to a point near its source due east of the south-east angle of the Glengower pre-emptive section ; thence west to and by the southern boundary of the latter-named section and the southern boundary of the parish of Rodborough to a road west of section 8 of said parish ; thence south-westerly and southerly by said road and a line due south to the Bullarook Creek ; thence south-easterly by said creek to the north-east angle of section 89, parish of Spring Hill ; thence by a Government road bearing south to the south-east angle of section 84, in the said parish ; thence by a Government road bearing east and south to the south-west angle of section 45, in said parish ; thence easterly to and by the western and southern boundaries of sections 47 and 48, in said parish ; thence by a Government road bearing easterly to the western boundary of Bullarook pre-emptive section ; thence south and east by parts of the west and south boundaries of the said section to the Bullarook Creek ; thence southerly by said creek to the southern boundary of the county of Talbot ; thence by the county boundary easterly and northerly, viz. :—by the Main Dividing Range and the River Coliban to a point on the said river about half a mile south of the township reserve of Malmsbury, being the north-east angle of section 64, parish of Edgecombe ; thence westerly by the northern boundary of the electoral district of Creswick to the commencing point.

NO. 31.—CRESWICK.

Commencing on the Bullarook Creek at the north-east angle of section 89, parish of Spring Hill ; bounded on the east by a Government road bearing south to the south-east angle of section 84, in said parish ; thence by a Government road bearing east and south to the south-west angle of section 45, in said parish ; thence by southern boundary of said section 45 ; thence easterly to and by the western and southern boundaries of sections 47 and 48, in the said parish ; thence by a Government road bearing easterly to the western boundary of Bullarook pre-emptive section ; thence south and east by part of the west and south boundaries of said section to the Bullarook pre-emptive section ; thence south and east by part of the west and south boundaries of the said section to the Bullarook Creek ; thence southerly by said creek to the southern boundary of the county of Talbot ; thence westerly by said boundary to the south-west angle of portion J of section 35, parish of Ercildoun ; thence by a line and a road bearing north to the north-west angle of section III., parish of Beckworth ; thence east by a line to the Deep Creek ; thence by that creek bearing north-easterly to a point due west of the south boundary of section 3, parish of Glengower ; thence east to and by that boundary to the south-east angle of that section ; thence by a Government road and a line bearing south to the Bullarook Creek ; thence by said creek to the commencing point.

NO. 32.—AMHERST.

Commencing on the road from Newstead to Amherst at the intersection of the surveyed road running north and south by the north-western angle of section 2, parish of Rodborough ; thence by the Amherst road and a road north to the south-eastern angle of the parish of Carisbrook ; thence by the southern boundary of said parish and the northern boundary of the reserve on Mount Greenock Creek, in the parish of Craigie ; thence by the southern boundary of the parish of Carisbrook and parish of Maryborough, passing south of White Horse and Frenchman's reefs, and north of Britannia, Piccaninny, Welcome, and Prussian reefs to the point where the road from Maryborough to Avoca crosses the Adelaide Lead ; thence by the latter road through the parish of Bung Bong to the crossing-place on the Bet-bet or McNeil's Creek, being about two miles north of Glenmona pre-emptive section ; thence up said creek to its source in the Dividing Range ; thence easterly by said Range, being the southern boundary of the county of Talbot, through the parish of Ercildoun to section 31, in said parish ; thence north by the eastern boundary of said section, and of section 32, and a road north to the north-west angle of section III., parish of Beckworth ; thence east to the Deep Creek ; thence by the Deep Creek north-easterly to a point due west of the south boundary of section 3, parish of Glengower ; thence east to and by that boundary to the south-east angle of said section ; thence northerly by a Government road through the parish of Rodborough to the commencing point.

NO. 33.—MALDON.

Commencing on the Loddon River near the junction of the Bet-bet Creek, at the north-western angle of the parish of Neereman ; thence by the northern boundary of that parish due east along the southern boundaries of the parishes of Shelbourne and Ravenswood to Barker's Creek ; thence south-westerly and north-westerly by Barker's Creek and the Loddon River to the commencing point.

NO. 34.—GEELONG EAST.

Commencing at the north-western angle of the town reserve of Geelong ; thence by a line south to the River Barwon ; thence westerly and north-westerly by the River Barwon to the western boundary of the reserve at the junction of the Moorarbool and Barwon ; thence east by the northern boundary of section 25, parish of Barrabool ; thence south by the eastern boundaries of sections 25 and 11, and the eastern boundary of section 7, in the said parish, to the south-west angle of the municipal district of South Barwon ; thence easterly by the southern boundary of the said municipality and by the southern boundaries of sections 3 and 4, parish of Connewarre ; thence north-easterly by a curved line crossing the River Barwon to the south-eastern angle of section 11, parish of Moolap ; thence by the eastern boundary of that section and a line northerly to the shores of Corio Bay ; thence by the shores of Corio Bay to the commencing point. Including the remaining portions of the reserve at Point Henry.

NO. 35.—GEELONG WEST.

Commencing on the shores of Corio Bay, and bounded on the north and north-west by a line drawn at a distance of two miles from the north-western angle of the town reserve at Geelong, as a centre, from the western shore of Corio Bay, near Cowie's Creek, to a road leading to the River Barwon ; on the west by that road ; on the south-west and south by the River Barwon ; and on the east by the western boundary of the town reserve of Geelong and the shores of Corio Bay. Including the reserve at the junction of the Barwon and Moorarbool.

NO. 36.—BARWON.

Commencing near Inverleigh, at the junction of the rivers Yarrowee and Barwon ; thence by the latter river to Fyansford ; thence by the boundaries of the borough of South Barwon and of the reserve at Point Henry to the shore of Port Phillip Bay, east of Point Henry ; thence easterly, southerly, westerly, and northerly, by the county boundary to the commencing point.

NO. 37.—MOORARBOOL.

Commencing on the Werribee River on the west boundary of the town reserve of Ballan ; thence by a line south-westerly to the eastern branch of the Moorarbool at the south-west angle of allotment 24, section 2, parish of Gorong ; thence further south-westerly by that river to the point where it is crossed by the centre of the road from Ballan to Buninyong, in Hunterston pre-emptive right ; thence westerly by the centre of the said road to the eastern boundary of the borough of Buninyong ; thence by the eastern, northern, and western boundaries of said borough to the point where the road from Buninyong to Carngham issues from the borough ; thence by the centre of the said road north-westerly to the point where it crosses the River Leigh or Yarrowee at Bonshaw-pre-emptive right ; thence southerly by said river to its junction with the River Barwon ; thence easterly down that river to its entrance at Fyansford into the electoral boundary of Geelong ; thence northerly by the electoral boundary of Geelong to the shores of Corio Bay at Cowie's Creek ; thence by the shores of the bay to the mouth of the River Werribee ; thence by the river upwards to the commencing point.

NO. 38.—BALLARAT EAST.

Commencing at the source of the Werribee River in the Main Dividing Range ; thence southerly by that river to the point where it is intersected by the western boundary of the town reserve of Ballan ; thence by a line south-westerly to the eastern branch of the Moorarbool at the south-west angle of allotment 24, section 2, parish of Gorong ; thence further south-westerly by that river to where it is crossed by the centre of the road from Ballan to Buninyong, in Hunterston pre-emptive right ; thence by the centre of said road to the eastern boundary of the borough of Buninyong ; thence by the eastern, northern, and western boundaries of said borough to the point where the road from Buninyong to Carngham issues from the borough ; thence north-westerly by that road to the point where it crosses the Yarrowee or Leigh River at Bonshaw pre-emptive right ; thence northerly by that river to its source in the Main Dividing Range ; thence easterly by the Dividing Range to the commencing point.

NO. 39.mdash:BALLARAT WEST.

Commencing at the source of the Burrumbeet Creek in the Great Dividing Range ; thence by the Burrumbeet Creek and the southern and western shores of Lake Burrumbeet to Bailie's Creek ; thence by that creek to the point where it is crossed at Carngham by the main road from Buninyong ; thence easterly by the centre of that road to the River Yarrowee or Leigh at Bonshaw pre-emptive right ; thence northerly by that river to the Great Dividing Range ; thence westerly by that range to the commencing point.

NO. 40.—NORTH GRENVILLE.

Commencing at a point in Bailie's Creek where it is intersected by the main road at Carngham ; thence easterly by the centre of the main road from Carngham to Buninyong to the point where it intersects the River Leigh or Yarrowee at Bonshaw pre-emptive right ; thence southerly by that river to the main road from Shelford to Lismore ; thence westerly by that road, through Cressy, to the Gnarkeet Ponds ; thence northerly by the Gnarkeet Ponds and a line north to the Emu Creek ; thence by the Emu and Bailie's creeks to the commencing point.

NO. 41.—RAGLAN.

Commencing at the point on the Dividing Range where the eastern boundary of the Electoral District of Ararat crosses the boundary of the county of Ripon ; thence south by the said electoral district boundary to its south-eastern angle ; thence by a line south-easterly to the north-eastern angle of Yalla-y-Poora pre-emptive section on the Fiery Creek ; thence by the eastern boundary of that section to the said creek ; thence southerly by that creek to the southern boundary of the county of Ripon ; thence easterly, northerly, and westerly by the boundaries of the county of Ripon to the commencing point.

NO. 42.—ARARAT.

Commencing at the point where the road from Ararat to Crowlands crosses the Wimmera River ; thence southerly by the centre of that road to a point due east of the north-east angle of the Electoral District of Ararat ; thence west to that angle ; thence south by the eastern boundary of the said electoral district, eighteen miles, to its south-eastern angle ; thence by a line south-easterly to the north-east angle of Yalla-y-Poora pre-emptive section on the Fiery Creek ; thence by the eastern boundary of the said section to the creek ; thence by that creek to the southern boundary of the county of Ripon ; thence westerly and northerly by the county boundary to the Grampians ; thence by the Grampians and Mount William Creek to the Wimmera River ; thence by the Wimmera upwards to the commencing point.

NO. 43.—COLAC.

Commencing on the River Yarrowee or Leigh where it is intersected by the centre of the main road passing through Shelford to Lismore ; thence by the centre of that road westerly, passing through Cressy to the Gnarkeet Ponds ; thence by the Gnarkeet Ponds, Lake Korangamite, and Pirron Yaloak Creek, to the source of that creek ; thence by the range to the source of the Gellibrand River, and by that stream to the ocean ; thence by the sea-coast to the Salt Creek, and by that creek upwards to its source ; thence by a line across the Dividing Range to the source of the Hopkins Creek, and by that creek to the Barwon River ; thence by that river to the River Yarrowee or Leigh ; thence by that river to the commencing point.

NO. 44.—CAMPERDOWN.

Commencing near Mount Emu at the bend of the Mount Emu Creek ; thence by a line southerly passing west of Lake Elingamite to the source of Curdie's Creek ; thence by that creek to the sea ; thence easterly by the sea-coast to the mouth of the Gellibrand River ; thence northerly by that river and the western boundary of the county of Polwarth to the south-eastern boundary of the county of Hampden ; thence by the eastern, northern, western, and southern boundaries of the county of Hampden to the commencing point.

NO. 45.—WARRNAMBOOL.

Commencing on the sea-coast at a point due south of the south-west angle of the Tower Hill Church of England reserve ; thence by the coast line south-easterly to Curdle's Inlet ; thence northerly by the centre line of Curdie's Creek to a point due south of the south-east angle of the parish of Terang ; thence due north to a point in the centre of Mount Emu Creek ; thence westerly and southerly by the centre line of the said creek to its junction with the Hopkins River ; thence northerly by the centre line of that river to a point where the centre of the Ararat and south-western sea-board road is cut by the boundary of the county of Hampden in the township of Chatsworth ; thence south-westerly by the centre line of the said road to the northern boundary of the township of Caramut ; thence by the northern and western boundaries of said township to the centre of Muston's Creek ; thence westerly and northerly by that creek and by the northern boundaries of sections 3 and 2, parish of South Caramut, to the north-western angle of said parish ; thence south by the centre of a road forming the western boundaries of the parishes of South Caramut, Minjah North, Minjah, and Woolsthorpe, to the intersection of the centre of the road from Woolsthorpe to Green Hills, at the south-west angle of allotment 1, section 20, parish of Woolsthorpe ; thence south-easterly by the centre of said road to its junction with the centre of the road forming the west boundary of the township of Woolsthorpe ; thence southerly and easterly by the centre of the latter-named road to its junction with the Ararat and south-western sea-board road ; thence south-westerly by the centre of the said road to the north-west angle of allotment 5, section C, parish of Yarpturk ; thence easterly to the north-east angle of said allotment ; thence southerly to the north-west angle of allotment 28, in said parish ; thence easterly to the north-east angle of allotment 16, in said parish ; thence southerly to the centre of the main Warrnambool and Belfast road ; thence westerly to the south-west angle of the Tower Hill Church of England reserve ; thence by a line due south to the commencing point.

NO. 46.—BELFAST.

Commencing at a point in the centre of the Hopkins River where the centre of the Ararat and south-western sea-board road is cut by the boundary of the county of Hampden, in the township of Chatsworth ; thence south-westerly by the centre of the said road to the northern boundary of the township of Caramut ; thence by the northern and western boundaries of said township to the centre of Muston's Creek ; thence westerly and northerly by that creek and by the northern boundaries of sections 3 and 2, parish of South Caramut, to the north-western angle of said parish ; thence south by the centre of a road forming the western boundaries of the parishes of South Caramut, Minjah North, Minjah, and Woolsthorpe, to the intersection of the centre of the road from Woolsthorpe to Green Hills, at the south-west angle of allotment 1, section 20, parish of Woolsthorpe ; thence south-easterly by the centre of said road to its junction with the centre of the road forming the west boundary of the township of Woolsthorpe ; thence southerly and easterly by the centre of the latter-named road to its junction with the Ararat and south-western sea-board road ; thence south-westerly by the centre of the said road to the north-west angle of allotment 5, section C. parish of Yarpturk ; thence easterly to the north-east angle of said allotment ; thence southerly to the north-west angle of allotment 28, in the said parish ; thence easterly to the north-east angle of allotment 16, in said parish ; thence southerly to the centre of the main Warrnambool and Belfast road ; thence westerly to the south-west angle of the Tower Hill Church of England reserve ; thence by a line due south to the sea-coast ; thence westerly by the sea-coast to the western boundary of the county of Villiers ; thence northerly, easterly, and southerly by the boundaries of the county of Villiers to the commencing point.

NO. 47.—NORMANBY.

Commencing on the sea-coast at the south-east corner of South Australia ; thence north by the eastern boundary of that colony to the south-west angle of the township reserve of Lindsay ; thence by a line east to the River Glenelg (the boundary thus far being coterminous with that of the Shire of Portland) ; thence by the northern and eastern boundaries of the county of Normanby to the sea-coast ; thence by the sea-coast to the commencing point, including the Lawrence Island.

NO. 48.—DUNDAS.

Commencing on the South Australian frontier, at the south-west angle of the township reserve of Lindsay ; thence by a line east to the River Glenelg, being the boundary between the shires of Glenelg and Portland ; thence by that river to the southern boundary of the county of Dundas ; thence by the southern, eastern, and northern boundaries of that county and the northern boundary of the county of Follett to the eastern boundary of South Australia ; thence south by that boundary to the commencing point.

NO. 49.—WIMMERA.

Commencing at the north-west angle of the county of Follett ; thence north by the frontier of South Australia ; easterly by the Mallee Scrub ; southerly by the Yarriambiack Creek, the Wimmera River, and the Grampians ; westerly by the northern boundaries of the counties of Dundas and Follett to the commencing point.

NO. 50.—CROWLANDS.

Commencing at Brim, on the Yarriamblack Creek ; thence by a line south-easterly to the northern shore of Lake Buloke ; thence easterly to the south-west angle of West Charlton pre-emptive section ; thence by the southern boundary of that section to the Avoca River ; thence by that river upwards to its source in the Main Range ; thence by that range, being the northern boundary of the county of Ripon, to that point on the range where it is intersected by the eastern boundary of the electoral district of Ararat ; thence northerly by the said electoral boundary to the north-eastern angle thereof ; thence by a line east to the road from Ararat to Crowlands ; thence by the centre line of that road to the Wimmera River ; thence by the centre line of that river to the junction of the Yarriamblack Creek ; thence northerly by that creek to the commencing point.

NO. 51.—SWAN HILL.

Commencing on the River Murray at the boundary of South Australia ; thence by the said boundary to the Mallee Scrub ; thence by the scrub south-easterly to the source of the Yarrimblack Creek at Lake Coorong, and by that creek to Brim ; thence south-easterly to the northern shore of Lake Buloke ; thence easterly to the south-western angle of West Charlton pre-emptive right and by the southern boundary of that pre-emptive right to the Avoca River ; thence northerly by that river to Lake Bael-bael ; thence by a line north to the River Marraboor ; thence by that river to its junction with the River Murray ; thence down the latter named river to the commencing point.

NO. 52.—NORTH GLADSTONE.

Commencing at the north-eastern angle of the Loddon pre-emptive section ; thence by the northern boundary of that section and a line due west to the Bullabul Creek ; thence westerly by that creek and the Kangderaar Creek to the road forming part of the western boundary of Kingower pre-emptive section ; thence southerly and south-westerly by that road passing through Moliagul and Bealiba to the Avoca River at Archdale ; thence by that river downwards to Lake Bael-bael ; thence by a line northerly to the River Marraboor ; thence by that river to the River Loddon ; thence southerly by that river to commencing point.

NO. 53.—SOUTH GLADSTONE.

Commencing at the north-eastern angle of the Loddon pre-emptive section ; thence by the northern boundary of that section and a line due west to the Bullabul Creek ; thence westerly by that creek and the Kangderaar Creek to the road forming part of the western boundary of Kingower pre-emptive section ; thence southerly and south-westerly by that road passing through Moliagul and Bealiba to the Avoca River at Archdale ; thence by that river upwards to the Main Range ; thence easterly by that range to the source of the Bet-bet or Mc Neil's Creek (being the western boundary of the county of Talbot) ; thence by that creek to its junction with the Loddon ; thence by that river to the commencing point.

NO. 54.—NORTH BENDIGO.

Commencing at a point in the centre of the Campaspe River due east of the south-eastern angle of the parish of Diggorra ; thence west by the southern boundaries of the parishes of Diggorra, Minto, Kamarooka, and Tandara, and a line west to and by the east and north boundaries of Yarrayne Reserve to the Loddon River (the boundary thus far being coterminous with the southern boundaries of part of the Echuca Road District and the East Loddon Road District) ; thence by the centre line of the Loddon River and the Marraboor River to the confluence of the latter with the Murray River ; thence by the last-named river to the junction of the Campaspe ; thence by the centre of that river to the commencing point.

NO. 55.—SOUTH BENDIGO.

Commencing at a point in the centre of the Loddon River bearing west from the centre of the road which forms the boundary between the parishes of Laanecoorie and Neereman ; thence by a line passing through the centre of that road, being the boundary between the shires of Maldon and Marong and the southern boundary of the county of Bendigo, bearing east to the western boundary of the Melbourne and Murray River Railway ; thence by that boundary of the railway to the northern boundary of the borough of Sandhurst ; thence by the southern, western, and northern boundaries of that borough to the western boundary of the Melbourne and Murray River Railway ; thence by that boundary to the point where it crosses the centre of the Sandy Creek ; thence by that creek and the Piccaninny or Bendigo Creek to the northern boundary of the Shire of Huntly ; thence west by that boundary and the northern boundary of the Shire of Marong to the centre of the Loddon River ; thence southerly by the centre of that river to the commencing point.

NO. 56.—SANDHURST.

Commencing at a point in the centre of the Campaspe River bearing east from the northern boundary of the Shire of Huntly ; thence west along the northern boundary of the Shire of Huntly to the Piccaninny or Bendigo Creek ; thence south-westerly by that creek and the Sandy Creek to the western boundary of the Melbourne and Murray River Railway ; thence south-westerly by that boundary to the northern boundary of the Borough of Sandhurst ; thence, westerly, southerly, and easterly by the boundaries of the said borough to the western boundary of the Melbourne and Murray River Railway ; thence southerly by that boundary to the point where the southern boundary of the county of Bendigo meets it ; thence by a line east to Barker's Creek ; thence south by that creek to the boundary between the shires of Metcalfe and Strathfieldsaye, being the northern boundary of the parish of Harcourt ; thence easterly, northerly, and easterly by the south boundary of the Shire of Strathfieldsaye to the Myrtle Creek ; thence by that creek downwards to the Coliban River ; thence by the centre of that river downwards to the Campaspe River ; thence by the centre of that river to the commencing point.

NO. 57.—ALBERTON.

Commencing at the mouth of Merriman's Creek, on the Ninety-mile Beach ; bounded on the north by Merriman's Creek to where the road from Tarraville to Rosedale crosses said creek near Bayles's pre-emptive right ; thence by a line to the source of Flinn's Creek ; thence down that creek and up the La Trobe River to its source ; thence southerly by the eastern boundary of the county of Mornington ; thence south-easterly and north-easterly by the sea-coast to the commencing point.

NO. 58.—SALE.

Commencing at the mouth of Merriman's Creek ; thence by that creek and a line to the source of Flinn's Creek ; thence down that creek and up the La Trobe River to its source ; thence north-easterly by the Dividing Range to Mount Phipps ; thence south-westerly by the range to the source of Went worth River at Mount Birregun ; thence southerly by that river to its confluence with the Mitchell River ; thence southerly and south-easterly by the latter-named river to its mouth ; thence by a line north to the shores of Swan Reach Bay ; thence by the northern shores of the lakes to the sea-coast ; thence south-westerly by the sea-coast to the commencing point.

NO. 59.—BAIRNSDALE.

Commencing on the sea-coast at the entrance to the Lakes ; thence north-westerly by the northern-shores of the Lakes to a point on the shore of Swan Reach Bay north from the mouth of the Mitchell River ; thence by a line south to the mouth of the Mitchell River ; thence north-westerly and northerly by that river to the confluence of the Wentworth River ; thence northerly by that river to its source at Mount Birregun ; thence north-easterly to the Main Dividing Range at Mount Phipps ; thence north-easterly by the Dividing Range to the north-eastern boundary of the colony ; thence south-easterly by the boundary of the colony to the sea-coast ; thence south-westerly by the sea-coast to the commencing point.

NO. 60.—SHIPPING, &c.

Julia Percy Island ; islands in Port Phillip Bay ; lighthouses at Wilson's Promontory and Gabo Island ; lightvessels throughout the colony, and shipping at the ports of Melbourne, Geelong, Portland, Belfast, Warrnambool, Port Albert, and Corner Inlet.

By Authority : JOHN FERRES, Government Printer, Melbourne.

PART I.

1872. VICTORIA. CENSUS OF VICTORIA, 1871. INHABITANTS AND HOUSES.

Population enumerated on the 2nd April,1871.

PRESENTED TO BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT BY HIS EXCELLENCY'S COMMAND.

BY AUTHORITY:

JOHN FERRES, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, MELBOURNE.

CONTENTS.

POPULATION—GENERAL SUMMARY

DWELLINGS—GENERAL SUMMARY

POPULATION AND DWELLINGS—GENERAL SUMMARY

POPULATION AND DWELLINGS, 1836-1871

PROPORTION OF THE SEXES, DENSITY OF POPULATION AND HOUSES, 1836-1871

INCREASE OF POPULATION

POPULATION SUMMARY, 1851-1871

NUMERICAL INCREASE OF POPULATION IN EACH COUNTY AND UNSETTLED DISTRICT

CENTESIMAL INCREASE OF POPULATION IN EACH COUNTY AND UNSETTLED DISTRICT

DWELLINGS—SUMMARY, 1857-1871

PROPORTION OF THE SEXES, 1854-1871

DENSITY OF POPULATION, 1854-1871

DENSITY OF HOUSES, 1857-1871

PERSONS TO A HOUSE, 1857-1871

POPULATION AND DWELLINGS—1857-1871—NUMBERS

POPULATION AND DWELLINGS—1857-1871—PROPORTIONS PER CENT.

POPULATION AND DWELLINGS—1861-1871—NUMBERS

POPULATION AND DWELLINGS—1861-1871—PROPORTIONS PER CENT.

ELECTORAL PROVINCES, 1861-1871

ELECTORAL DISTRICTS, 1861-1871

PROPORTION OF SEXES, DENSITY OF POPULATION AND HOUSES IN EACH COUNTY

CITIES, TOWNS, AND BOROUGHS, 1861-1871

GENERAL SUMMARY BY—COUNTIES

GENERAL SUMMARY BY—ELECTORAL PROVINCES

GENERAL SUMMARY BY—ELECTORAL DISTRICTS

SUMMARY OF—CITIES, TOWNS, AND BOROUGHS

SUMMARY OF—SHIRES AND ROAD DISTRICTS

SUMMARY OF—MINING DISTRICTS

SHIPPING

CITIES, TOWNS, BOROUGHS, TOWNSHIPS, ETC.

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—ANGLESEY

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—BENAMBRA

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—BENDIGO

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—BOGONG

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—BORUNG

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—BOURKE

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—BULN-BULN

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—CROAJINGOLONG

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—DALHOUSIE

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—DARGO

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—DELATITE

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—DUNDAS

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—EVELYN

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—FOLLETT

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—GLADSTONE

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—GRANT

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—GRENVILLE

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—GUNBOWER

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—HAMPDEN

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—HEYTESBURY

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—KARA-KARA

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—KARKAROOC

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—LOWAN

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—MILLEWA

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—MOIRA

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—MORNINGTON

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—NORMANBY

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—POLWARTH

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—RIPON

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—RODNEY

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—TATCHERA

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—TALBOT

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—TAMBO

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—TANGIL

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—VILLIERS

DETAILED TABLES, COUNTY OF—WONNANGATTA

INDEX TO NAMES OF PLACES IN THE DETAILED TABLES

ERRATA.

Page 38, Seymour Township,read122 dwellings, 554 persons, 325 males, and 229 females,insteadof 123 dwellings, 569 persons, 336 males, and 233 females.

Pages 43 and 44, Add figures in line " Tallarook Riding Seymour Township" to those in line " Seymour, outside Township" and call the whole " Tallarook Riding, Seymour Township" to those in line " Seymour, outside Township" and call the whole " Tallarook Riding," containing 177 persons, &c. Erase the line " Entire of Seymour Township," the whole of the Anglesey portion being shown in the line " Seymour Riding, Seymour Township, part of," containing 515 persons, &c.

Pages 50 and 52,ReadAllen's and Staghorn's Flatinsteadof " Aller and Staghorn's Flat."

Pages 51 and 53, Bright Shire, transpose the words " Myrtleford Township" to the line above, so as to follow the words " North Riding"instead ofthe words " Outside Township."

Page 68, Read Coutny of " Croajingolong" instead of " Croajingalong."

Page 92, " County of Grenville," and " Grenville Shire, North Riding, outside Township," take I from the males and add I to the females in columns for " Population inclusive of Chinese and Aborigines," and " Population exclusive of Chinese and Aborigines," so as to read 32,865 males and 28,052 females instead of 32,866 males and 28,051 females, &c.

CENSUS OFFICE,

Melbourne, 31st January 1872.

SIR,

I have the honor to forward herewith the First Part of the completed returns of the Census of Victoria 1871, " Inhabitants and Houses."

The Second Part is in the hands of the Printer, and further matter will be supplied without any stoppage, so far as this Department is concerned, until the whole is published.

With the last Part I purpose to furnish a General Report.

I have the honor to be, Sir,

Your most obedient servant,

WILLIAM HENRY ARCHER,

Registrar-General.

The Honorable the Chief Secretary.

SUMMARY TABLES AND TABULAR RESULTS.

NOTE.—The estimated area of Victoria is 88,198 square miles. By omitting the decimal point, this Table may be read thus :—On the 2nd April 1871 there were 8240 females to every 10,000 males in Victoria ; the average number of persons to 1,000 square miles was 8268 ; the average number of persons to 100 inhabited dwellings was 484 ; the average number of inhabited dwellings to 1000 square miles was 1708 ; &c.

NOTE.—This Table may be read as follows :—The male population in 1861 was 328,651 ; between 1861 and 1871, this number increased by 72,400, or by about 22 per cent. Or thus :—Between 1851 and 1871, males increased by 354,849, or 768 per cent. ; females by 299,334, or about 961 per cent. ; and the total population by 654,183, or nearly 846 per cent. ; &c.

NOTE.—Where a decrease has taken place it is indicated by the minus sign (-) placed before the figures.

NOTE.—Where a decrease has taken place, it is indicated by the sign minus (-) placed before the figures. This Table may be read thus :—Between 1861 and 1871, males in the County of Anglesey increased by 203.4 per cent., females by 232.75 per cent., and both sexes by 214.01 ; in the same county the whole population increased by 616.04 per cent. between 1851 and 1871 ; &c.

NOTE.—By removing the decimal point, this Table may be read thus :—In 1871 there were 6205 females to 10,000 males in the County of Anglesey ; in the whole of Victoria there were at the same period 8240 females to 10,000 males ; &c.

NOTE.—By removing the decimal point, this Table may be read thus :—In the County of Anglesey there were on the average 347 persons to 1000 square miles in 1854 ; 526 in 1857 ; 1025 in 1861 ; and 3217 in 1871.

NOTE.—By removing the decimal point this Table may be read thus :—In the County of Anglesey there were on the average 60 inhabited dwellings to 1000 square miles in 1857, 193 in 1861, and 748 in 1871.

NOTE.—By removing the decimal point this Table may be read thus :—In 1857 there were, in the County of Anglesey, 88 persons on the average to every to inhabited dwellings, 53 persons in 1861, and 43 persons in 1871 ; in the Colony there were 421 persons on the average to 100 inhabited dwellings in 1857, 417 in 1861, and 484 in 1871 ; &c.

NOTE.—The habitations of unstated materials are included under the head of "Houses."

NOTE.—This Table may be read thus :—On the night of the Census of 1857, 89.20 per cent. of the population in the County of Anglesey were living in houses, and 10.80 per cent. were living in huts and tents or were camping out ; on the night ofthe Census of 1861, 65.89 per cent. were living in houses, and 34.11 per cent. were living in huts and tents or were camping out ; on the night of the Census of 1871, 78.03 per cent. were living in houses, and 21.97 per cent. were living in huts and tents or were camping out ; &c. The habitations of unstead materials are included under the head of " Houses."

NOTE.—This Table may be read thus :—On the night of the Census of 1861, 64.37 per cent. of the population of the County of Anglesey were living in houses constructed of brick, wood, &c., 17.90 per cent. were living in huts, 11.31 per cent. were living in tents, 1.52 per cent. were living in habitations of description unstated, and 4.9 per cent. were camping out ; &c.

NOTE.—For General Summary by Electoral Provinces,seeTable XXIV.,post.